济南市露天开采集中区矿山地质环境遥感监测与环境评价研究

发布时间：2018-03-25 22:06

本文选题：遥感　切入点：矿山地质环境分析　出处：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：露天开采矿石资源对经济建设、社会进步和人类发展做出重要贡献的同时,也对矿区和周围的地质环境造成了一定程度的破坏,产生了严重的生态环境问题。掌握采石矿区的矿山地质环境状况及其发展趋势,有效的监测山体的开挖情况,特别是加强重点矿山开采区的监测与管理,对采石集中矿区的地质环境质量进行评价并分级统计分析,可以为相关部门采取措施恢复治理矿山地质环境、合理开发利用矿产资源提供科学依据。论文以济南市露天采石集中区(平阴县、长清区、市中区、历城区和章丘市部分乡镇)作为研究区,以两期无人机倾斜摄影测量技术获取的研究区数字正射影像为主要解译数据源(2008年,分辨率0.5m;2015年,分辨率0.1m),结合研究区矿山开采的相关资料,对研究区露天采石集中区的矿山地质环境进行室内解译,结合矿山实地勘察验证,完善解译标志,提高解译精度;对2008年和2015年的矿山地质环境概况及变化情况、矿山开采集中区的景观格局特征进行分析;以正方形网格作为评价单元,科学、合理的选取评价指标,构建评价指标体系,划分指标等级,采用层次分析法计算指标权重,借助综合评判法,基于ArcGIS平台对采石集中矿区的地质环境质量进行评价,将研究区的矿山地质环境质量划分为四种类型,并对各类型进行统计分析。通过上述研究得出以下结论:(1)对2008年和2015年研究区的矿山地质环境解译分析发现,2008~2015年期间,研究区露天采石矿场的规模不断扩大,矿山建筑增多,工业活动加剧;同时已开采矿山的恢复治理越来越受到重视,得到复垦的矿山数量增加,但矿山地质环境质量仍不断恶化。(2)本文根据研究区的具体情况建立了评价指标体系并进行分级,保证了评价指标的全面性、科学性和客观性;采用了一种定性与定量相结合的方法——层次分析法确定指标权重,避免了一定的主观性;最后基于ArcGIS10.2平台,运用综合评价模型对采石矿区的地质环境质量做出评价,并且评价结果符合研究区的实际情况。(3)通过对评价结果进行插值处理,2008~2015年,矿山地质环境质量处于“良好”“较好”的面积由2213.13km~2减少为1944.20km~2,占据研究区面积的比例由65.47%,减少为57.52%;矿山地质环境质量处于“较差”的面积由400.54km~2增加为655.97km~2;2015年“较差区”面积达到了研究区面积的19.40%,比2008年增加了7.55%。矿山地质环境质量“良好区”和“较好区”面积的减少,“较差区”面积的增加,表明济南市研究区内矿山开采力度加大,矿山地质环境质量恶化。
[Abstract]:While open-pit mining of ore resources has made important contributions to economic construction, social progress and human development, it has also caused a certain degree of damage to the mining area and the surrounding geological environment. It has produced serious ecological environmental problems. To master the geological environment and its development trend, to monitor the excavation of mountain bodies effectively, especially to strengthen the monitoring and management of mining areas in key mines. If the quality of geological environment in quarrying concentrated mining areas is evaluated and classified by statistical analysis, the relevant departments may take measures to restore and control the geological environment of mines. Rational exploitation and utilization of mineral resources provide scientific basis. This paper takes open pit quarrying concentrated area (Pingyin County, Changqing District, Shizhong District, Licheng District and some villages and towns in Zhangqiu City) as the research area. The digital orthophoto images of the study area obtained by two phases of UAV tilt photogrammetry technology are used as the main interpretation data sources (in 2008, resolution 0.5 m; in 2015, 0.1 mm resolution; combined with the relevant data of mining in the study area, The indoor interpretation of mine geological environment in the open pit quarrying concentrated area in the study area is carried out, and combined with the field investigation and verification of the mine, the interpretation marks are improved and the interpretation accuracy is improved. The general situation and changes of the mine geological environment in 2008 and 2015 are analyzed. The landscape pattern characteristics of mine mining concentration area are analyzed, the square grid is taken as the evaluation unit, the evaluation index system is constructed, the evaluation index system is constructed, the index grade is divided, and the weight of the index is calculated by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). With the aid of comprehensive evaluation method, the geological environment quality of quarrying concentrated mining area is evaluated based on ArcGIS platform, and the quality of mine geological environment in the study area is divided into four types. Through the statistical analysis of various types, the following conclusions are drawn from the above study: 1) the analysis of the geological environment of mine in the study area in 2008 and 2015 shows that during the period of 2008 ~ 2015, the scale of open-pit quarries in the study area is expanding and the number of mine buildings is increasing. Industrial activity has intensified; at the same time, more and more attention has been paid to the rehabilitation of mined mines, and the number of mines reclaimed has increased. However, the quality of mine geological environment is still deteriorating. (2) the evaluation index system is established and classified according to the specific conditions of the study area, which ensures the comprehensiveness, scientificalness and objectivity of the evaluation index. This paper adopts a qualitative and quantitative method to determine the index weight, which avoids the subjectivity. Finally, based on the ArcGIS10.2 platform, the comprehensive evaluation model is used to evaluate the geological environment quality of the quarrying area. And the evaluation results are in line with the actual situation in the research area. The area of mine geological environment in "good" and "better" was reduced from 2213.13km~2 to 1944.20 kmm2, and the proportion of area occupied in the study area was reduced from 65.47 to 57.52; the area where the quality of mine geological environment was "poor" was increased from 400.54km~2 to 655.97 km2; in 2015, the area of "poor area" was increased to 65.97 km2; in 2015, the area in which the quality of mine geological environment was "poor" increased to 655.97 km2; "the area has reached 19.40% of the area of the study area, which is 7.55% more than in 2008. The area of" good area "and" better area "of the quality of mine geological environment is reduced, and the area of" poor area "is increased. The results show that the mining intensity is increased and the quality of mine geological environment is deteriorating in Jinan Research area.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TD167

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