基于GIS和RS的朝阳区土地利用分类及其时空变化研究

发布时间：2018-04-05 13:08

本文选题：朝阳区　切入点：土地利用变化　出处：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：人类的各项活动在土地上展开,人们在土地上发展农业、工业、建筑业等,良好的土地规划在一定程度上能够促进人类社会发展,反之,则会对自然环境和社会发展产生阻碍。LUCC(土地利用和土地覆盖变化)的研究经过几十年的发展已拥有相对成熟的技术和研究方法,研究LUCC,分析该发展变化的原因,进而为研究区未来的土地利用和规划提出建设性意见依然是研究热点。朝阳区作为北京市的经济、工业等各范畴的领先区域之一,在自2005至2014的近十年发展中,人口激增,尤其在奥运规划期间,外来人口的大量涌入、产业结构的调整和升级等都使得朝阳区的土地利用发生了较大变化。本文主要从以下几个方面对朝阳区的土地利用变化进行了研究和分析。(1)获取朝阳区2005年、2010年和2014年的三景遥感影像,将土地分为六大类,分别为耕地、其他农用地、林地园地、水域、城乡居民工矿用地以及未利用地。结合解译特征,选择监督分类方式对卫星数据进行分类,结合ArcGIS10对于分类结果进行人工手动修正,并进行分类结果的验证。(2)本文对朝阳区土地利用的程度、结构及数量变化进行了研究。在数量变化上,对相关指标进行计算和统计,对各土地利用类型的面积和变化幅度以图表形式展示,农用地的变化幅度最大,减幅明显,林地园地和城乡居民工矿用地次之,未利用地无明显变化。在各种土地利用类型中,建设用地增幅明显。在结构变化上,通过数据的比对分析,可看出朝阳区在近十年的土地利用结构基本保持稳定,建设用地始终占比较高,且比重稳定上升,其次为林地园地和农用地。在程度变化上,本文对多个指标进行计算和统计,在此基础上分析得知,朝阳区处于土地利用发展期,整体拥有较高的土地利用程度,后备土地资源短缺。(3)结合朝阳区的相关政策文件以及统计数据,对朝阳区近10年土地利用变化的驱动力因素进行了研究,主要从人口因素、经济因素、政策因素以及技术因素进行了分析。总体来说,人口的增长,政策的指导,经济的高速发展以及技术革新等都为这10年朝阳区的土地利用发展变化提供了内在动力。(4)对朝阳区的土地利用进行总结,结合本文研究成果,从多个角度为朝阳区未来的土地利用规划提出了建议。
[Abstract]:Human activities are carried out on the land, where people develop agriculture, industry, construction and so on, and good land planning can to a certain extent promote the development of human society.The study of LUCC (Land use and Land cover change) has, over decades of development, developed relatively mature technologies and research methods to study LUCCs and analyze the reasons for this development and change.Therefore, it is still a hot point to put forward constructive suggestions for the future land use and planning of the study area.Chaoyang District, as one of the leading economic and industrial areas in Beijing, has witnessed a rapid increase in population in the past decade from 2005 to 2014, especially during the Olympic Games planning period.The adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure make the land use of Chaoyang District change greatly.This paper mainly studies and analyzes the land use change in Chaoyang District from the following aspects. (1) three remote sensing images of 2005, 2010 and 2014 of Chaoyang District are obtained, and the land is divided into six categories, namely cultivated land, other agricultural land and woodland garden land, respectively.Water area, urban and rural residents industrial and mining land and unused land.Combined with the interpretation features, the supervised classification method is selected to classify the satellite data, and the manual correction of the classification results is carried out in combination with ArcGIS10, and the classification results are verified. 2) the degree of land use in Chaoyang District is analyzed in this paper.The structural and quantitative changes were studied.In terms of quantity change, the relevant indexes are calculated and counted, and the area and change range of each land use type are shown in chart form. The change range of agricultural land is the largest and the decrease is obvious, and woodland garden land and industrial and mining land of urban and rural residents take the second place.There was no obvious change in unused land.In all kinds of land use types, the increase of construction land is obvious.In terms of structural changes, it can be seen that the structure of land use in Chaoyang District is basically stable in the past ten years, and the proportion of construction land has been increasing steadily, followed by woodland garden land and agricultural land.On the basis of the calculation and statistics of several indexes, the paper finds out that Chaoyang District is in the period of land use development and has a high degree of land use as a whole.Combined with the relevant policy documents and statistical data of Chaoyang District, this paper studies the driving factors of land use change in Chaoyang District in the past 10 years, mainly from population factors and economic factors.Policy factors and technical factors are analyzed.In general, the growth of population, the guidance of policy, the rapid development of economy and the technological innovation have all provided an intrinsic impetus for the development and change of land use in Chaoyang District in the past 10 years.Based on the research results of this paper, some suggestions for the future land use planning of Chaoyang District are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：P237;P208;F301.2

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