托盘车叉架结构强化分析及可靠性试验

发布时间：2018-04-06 07:03

本文选题：托盘车　切入点：叉架　出处：《大连理工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：托盘车是叉车的一种重要类型,是一种搬运货物用的物流搬运设备,由液压驱动系统控制托盘货物的起升和下降,主要用于仓储、物流,进行有规则托盘货物的搬运和运输,能够极大的提高劳动生产力,减轻工人劳动负担,降低劳动风险。托盘车操作简便、能适用于各种环境,近年来已经越来越广泛的应用在生产制造现场的第一线。叉架作为托盘车最主要的工作部件,受力情况恶劣且具有不确定性,常常因强度不足而发生断裂,导致整机失效、降低托盘车的使用寿命,造成经济损失,甚至出现安全事故。随着托盘车行业的成熟和技术研究的深入,各种先进的分析计算手段(如有限元仿真分析、ABAQUS等)正在逐步被应用托盘车结构的研究。但是,目前国内外针对托盘车叉架的研究主要集中于材料改进、锻造工艺优化和增加结构尺寸等方面,对通过优化叉架结构以改善其受力分布、提高叉架可靠性方面研究还较少。本文利用有限元仿真开展托盘车叉架结构改进的研究。论文主要内容如下:1.首先通过理论分析,研究了传统叉架的薄弱环节,提出三种叉架结构优化方案,并对三种方案可行性进行理论分析;2.应用有限元方法仿真软件对三种优化结构进行仿真,研究了三种优化方案下叉架的应力分布和变形,并分别分析对比了三种结构优化方案的仿真结果,确定了以增加缓冲装置和局部加强的最终方案;3.强度试验及可靠性验证。根据国标标准要求对改进后的叉车进行了屈服试验、疲劳试验和无损探伤检查,试验结果证明了方案的可行性。并统计计算200个小时实际生产,累计循环5600次中托盘车的可靠性指标平均故障间隔时间MTBF,试验证明改进后的托盘车有效度提升了15%。本文通过对传统托盘车结构进行分析,结合有限元仿真提出了托盘车叉架的结构改进方案,通过增加缓冲装置和局部加强,实现了托盘车的有效度的提高,为托盘车的实际应用提供了参考,具有重要的实践意义。
[Abstract]:Pallet truck is an important type of forklift truck. It is a kind of logistics handling equipment for moving goods. The hydraulic drive system controls the rise and fall of pallet cargo, which is mainly used for storage, logistics, and handling and transportation of regular pallets.Can greatly improve labor productivity, reduce the burden of workers, reduce labor risks.The pallet car is easy to operate and can be used in various environments. In recent years, it has been more and more widely used in the front line of manufacturing field.As the main working part of the pallet truck, the forked frame is often broken because of the insufficient strength, which leads to the failure of the whole machine, reduces the service life of the pallet truck, results in economic losses and even safety accidents.With the development of pallet car industry and the development of technology research, various advanced analysis and calculation methods (such as finite element simulation analysis Abaqus etc.) are being applied to the research of pallet car structure step by step.However, at present, the research on trays fork frame is mainly focused on material improvement, forging process optimization and increasing structure size, and so on, to improve the force distribution by optimizing the fork frame structure.There is little research on improving the reliability of fork frame.In this paper, finite element simulation is used to study the structure improvement of pallet fork frame.The main contents of the thesis are as follows: 1.Firstly, through theoretical analysis, the weak link of traditional fork frame is studied, three kinds of structural optimization schemes of fork frame are put forward, and the feasibility of these three schemes is analyzed theoretically.The finite element simulation software is used to simulate the three optimized structures. The stress distribution and deformation of the forks under the three optimization schemes are studied, and the simulation results of the three optimization schemes are analyzed and compared respectively.The final scheme to increase the buffer device and local reinforcement is determined.Strength test and reliability verification.According to the requirements of national standard, the yield test, fatigue test and nondestructive inspection of the improved forklift truck were carried out. The results of the test proved the feasibility of the scheme.And the actual production of 200 hours is calculated and the average failure interval time of the reliability index of the pallet truck is 5600 times accumulative cycle. The experiment proves that the improved pallet car's effectiveness has been increased by 15%.By analyzing the structure of the traditional pallet car and combining with the finite element simulation, this paper puts forward the scheme of improving the structure of the fork frame of the pallet car. By adding the buffer device and the local strengthening, the efficiency of the pallet truck is improved.It provides a reference for the practical application of pallet car and has important practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TH24

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