深埋隧洞岩爆孕育过程及预警方法研究

发布时间：2018-04-13 10:56

本文选题：岩爆 + 微震监测　；参考：《大连理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：在我国社会经济高速发展的大环境下,社会生产对各类资源的需求水平不断提升,资源开采规模也不断扩大。无论是水利水电、矿山开采、国防工业、亦或交通运输等行业,其开发力度和建设规模已向地下深部发展。随之而来由深部问题带来的工程地质灾害日益增多,其中由高地应力诱发的岩爆问题最为突出。岩爆是地下工程尤其是深部地下工程一种常见的岩石失稳现象,其具体表现为围岩呈突发、猛烈弹射或抛掷到开挖空间。由于岩爆往往造成支护设备的破坏和开挖轮廓的变形,严重时还会导致工程基础设施的破坏及人员伤亡,甚至会导致局部地震而引发地表塌陷等灾害。目前,岩爆的预报与预防已经成为地下工程建设与岩石力学研究领域的共同课题。因此,开展对深埋隧洞在高应力条件下的岩爆孕育机制及预测预警的研究具有重要的理论价值和实践意义。研究表明,岩石的失稳破坏(岩爆)与其内部微震活动性有着密切联系,微震活动的异常现象是岩石发生岩爆的微破裂前兆。鉴于此,本文以雅砻江锦屏二级水电站为工程依托,以高地应力、高埋深条件下的深埋硬岩隧洞为监测对象,利用微震监测技术构建了我国水利水电深埋隧洞工程具有独立性强、安装方便、移动灵活等特点的微震监测系统。结合开挖卸荷影响下的微震活动性时空分布特征及岩爆机理的研究成果,对锦屏二级水电站引水洞及施工排水洞经历强岩爆洞段的多个工作面进行岩爆的实时监测、分析及预警研究,取得的主要研究成果如下：(1)成功构建锦屏二级水电站深埋硬岩隧洞群的微震监测系统,初步实现了对引水洞和排水洞潜在岩爆危险区的实时监测、分析和预警。通过对锦屏水电站复杂的地质构造条件、地貌特征、特殊施工方法及施工顺序的分析,因地制宜的制定合适的监测方案,包括监测系统的构建、传感器安装及改进方案、传感器阵列的布置及优化、噪声波形数据库的建立及分类等。通过微破裂信息数据实时采集,实现对隧洞岩爆展开24小时连续实时监测,获取大量围岩渐进破裂诱发岩爆过程中微震活动的数字化信息。(2)基于锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞大量岩爆统计记录和微震监测数据,对应变型岩爆和构造型岩爆的发展过程和发生规律展开研究。并根据微震活动相关参数,包括微震累积事件数、微震能量、微震事件密度及微震能量密度等,归纳和总结不同类型岩爆破坏过程中的微震活动性规律及动态迁移特征,揭示围岩渐进失稳破坏过程中微震活动时空演化规律与岩爆间的内在联系。(3)基于微震活动空间分布规律及时序演化特征,将微震监测技术与数值模拟方法相结合,从动态裂纹扩展角度揭示了地下洞室的岩爆孕育过程及发展机制。并根据裂纹发展过程及微震活动性分布规律,将岩爆孕育过程细分为三个阶段和三种破坏模式,重点分析和探讨了岩爆孕育不同阶段的破坏机制及演化规律。同时,借助于地震学理论,将累积视体积、能量指数及b值等参数的变化规律作为岩爆前兆展开研究。(4)根据岩爆孕育不同阶段,通过对微震相关参数演化规律的研究,包括微震事件密度、微震能量密度、应力积累,应力阴影及应力转移(3S原理)、能量指数和累积视体积及b值,提出高地应力条件下锦屏二级水电站深埋隧洞的岩爆多元预警方法。
[Abstract]:In the high-speed development of our social economy under the environment of social production, demand for all kinds of resources and improve the level of resource exploitation, the scale is also expanding. Both the water conservancy and hydropower, mining, defense industry, and transportation industries, its development and construction efforts to scale to deep underground engineering geological development. The disaster caused by the deep problem with increasing the highland stress induced by rock burst is most prominent. Rock burst in underground engineering especially a common rock deep underground engineering instability, the specific performance of surrounding rock was sudden, violent ejection or thrown into space. Due to the excavation of rock burst often caused by supporting equipment damage and excavation contour deformation, engineering infrastructure damage and casualties can lead to serious, even will cause the local earthquake caused surface subsidence. The rock burst. The prediction and prevention has become a common topic in underground engineering construction and research field of rock mechanics. Therefore, to carry out in the deep buried tunnel under the condition of high stress rock burst mechanism and prediction of the research has important theoretical value and practical significance. The study shows that the rock failure (rock burst) and its internal the microseismicity is closely related to abnormal microseismic activity of rock is the micro fracture precursor of rock burst. In view of this, the Yalong River Jinping two hydropower station based on the projects with high stress, high depth under the conditions of deep buried hard rock tunnel as the monitoring object, using microseismic monitoring technology to build the China Water Conservancy and Hydropower of deep buried tunnel has strong independence, convenient installation, microseismic monitoring system. Combined with the characteristics of mobile flexible excavation under the influence of the microseismicity characteristics of temporal and spatial distribution of rock burst mechanism. The results, many working face two of Jinping Hydropower Station Diversion Tunnel and drainage tunnel through strong rock burst tunnel section for real-time monitoring of rockburst research, analysis and early warning, the research results are as follows: (1) Jinping two hydropower station deep microseismic monitoring system of hard rock tunnel group success the construction and preliminary realize the real-time monitoring of water diversion and drainage caves potential rock burst danger zone, analysis and early warning. The geological conditions of Jinping hydropower station, complex landform, analysis of the special construction method and construction sequence, according to local conditions to develop the appropriate monitoring scheme, including the construction of monitoring system, sensor installation and the improvement scheme, layout and optimization of sensor array, noise waveform database establishment and classification. Through the micro rupture of real time information acquisition data of tunnel rock burst out 24 hours of continuous real-time monitoring, access to large The digital information of surrounding rock gradually rupture microseismic activity rockburst process. (2) statistical records and microseismic monitoring data explosion rock in deep buried tunnel of Jinping hydropower station two based on the research on development process and regularity of corresponding variant rock burst and tectonic rock burst. According to microseismic activity related parameters, including the microquake the cumulative number of events, seismic energy, density and energy density of micro seismic events, induction and characteristics of microseismic activity regularity and dynamic migration summary of different types of rock burst in the process of the destruction of surrounding rock, reveal the progressive failure process of micro earthquake activity evolution regularity and rock burst in between. (3) microseismic activity space distribution and sequence evolution based on combining technology and numerical simulation of seismic monitoring method, reveals the underground cavern rock burst process and development mechanism from the dynamic crack propagation. According to the crack development process and microseismicity distribution, the rockburst inoculation process was divided into three stages and three kinds of failure modes, analyzes and discusses the failure mechanism of the different stages of the birth and evolution of rock burst. At the same time, with the help of seismology theory, the accumulated volume, energy index and b value changes the parameters of the rock burst precursor research. (4) according to the different stages of rock burst inoculation, based on the parameters of microseismic evolution, including microseismic event density, seismic energy density, stress accumulation, transfer stress shadows and stress (3S principle), the energy index and the accumulated volume and B value and this high stress conditions of Jinping two hydropower station deep tunnel rock burst multiple warning methods.

【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV223;TV542

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