三峡工程对下游河流生态水文影响评估研究

发布时间：2018-04-15 02:33

本文选题：三峡工程 + 水文情势　；参考：《华北水利水电大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：大坝工程的建设一方面为人类和社会提供了供水、航运、水电、灌溉、休闲娱乐等需求,推动了人类和社会的进步,为社会的经济发展做出了巨大的贡献。另一方面,大坝的建设也打破了河流生态系统的稳定性和连续性。本文主要结合国家自然基金项目《考虑下游鱼类生境健康的水库生态调度研究》分析了三峡工程蓄水前后长江中下游的生态水文情势变化、以及三峡大坝蓄水对长江中下游重要鱼类“四大家鱼”生态水文条件的影响以及物理生境模拟,为之后三峡水库生态调度的研究和分析提供依据奠定了基础。(1)以三峡水库下游控制水文站宜昌站为研究对象,采用线性倾向估计法和“MannKendall法”、IHA/RVA分析法对三峡水库蓄水前后的流量、泥沙和水温进行了趋势性以及情势变化程度分析,分析结果显示三峡水库蓄水后长江中下游的水文情势发生了中度改变、泥沙情势发生了高度改变、水温情势发生了中度改变。(2)根据“四大家鱼”产卵期间的水文情况,分析了“四大家鱼”产卵繁殖期间各水文要素的均值、变化范围、标准差以及涨水历时、日上涨率等。并且为了统计“四大家鱼”产卵期间各水文要素的适宜范围,采用sturge规则计算了水温要素的最佳间隔,统计了在不同水文要素范围内“四大家鱼”的产卵次数,得出各水文要素的频率曲线。并针对三峡工程蓄水前后的5~7月份水文变化特征进行定量分析,分析得出三峡大坝蓄水前后“四大家鱼”的产卵生态水文目标。(3)通过Mike11模型构建了长江中下游宜昌-枝城段的一维水动力学模型,并对模型进行了率定和验证,结果显示模拟流量和水位与实测基本一致。表明本模型用于宜昌-枝城段的水动力学模拟是可靠的。为下面进行长江中下游“四大家鱼”物理生境模拟提供了依据和基础。(4)通过一维物理栖息地模拟模型PHABSIM对三峡工程蓄水前后的“四大家鱼”产卵场进行物理生境模拟。模拟结果显示:三峡大坝蓄水前,“四大家鱼”产卵期最适宜环境流量为110008)3/。三峡大坝蓄水后“四大家鱼”产卵期最适宜环境流量为100008)3/。(5)最后根据对“四大家鱼”产卵期间生态水文目标的分析结果以及模拟结果,提出可行的“四大家鱼”产卵场的保护措施。
[Abstract]:On the one hand, the construction of the dam project provides water supply, shipping, hydropower, irrigation, recreation and other needs for human beings and society, promotes the progress of human and society, and makes great contribution to the economic development of the society.On the other hand, dam construction also broke the stability and continuity of river ecosystem.In this paper, the ecological and hydrological situation changes of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River before and after the three Gorges Project impounding are analyzed in the light of the National Natural Fund project "Research on Reservoir Ecological Regulation considering the Health of the downstream Fish Habitat".The influence of water storage by the three Gorges Dam on the ecological and hydrological conditions and physical habitat simulation of the important fish "four big domestic fish" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River,It lays a foundation for the study and analysis of the ecological operation of the three Gorges Reservoir.) taking Yichang Station, the downstream control hydrological station of the three Gorges Reservoir, as the research object,The trend, sediment and water temperature of the three Gorges Reservoir before and after impoundment were analyzed by the linear tendency estimation method and the "MannKendall method" IHA / RVA method.The results show that the hydrological situation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has changed moderately, the sediment situation has changed highly and the water temperature has changed moderately since the three Gorges Reservoir impounded.) according to the hydrological conditions during the spawning period of the "four big domestic fish",The average value, range of variation, standard deviation, water rising duration and daily rising rate of each hydrological element during spawning reproduction of "four big domestic fish" were analyzed.In order to calculate the suitable range of hydrological elements during spawning period, the optimum interval of water temperature elements was calculated by sturge rule, and the spawning times of "four big domestic fish" were counted in different hydrological factors.The frequency curves of each hydrological element are obtained.According to the characteristics of hydrological changes in May and July before and after the three Gorges Project impoundment, a quantitative analysis is carried out.It is concluded that the oviposition eco-hydrological objective of "four big domestic fish" before and after the three Gorges Dam impoundment is constructed by Mike11 model. The one-dimensional hydrodynamic model of Yichang-Zhicheng section in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is constructed, and the model is confirmed and verified.The results show that the simulated discharge and water level are in good agreement with the measured ones.It shows that the hydrodynamic simulation of Yichang-Zhicheng section is reliable.This paper provides the basis and foundation for the physical habitat simulation of "four big domestic fish" in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The one-dimensional physical habitat simulation model PHABSIM is used to simulate the physical habitat of the "four big domestic fish" spawning ground before and after the water storage in the three Gorges Project.The simulation results show that before the three Gorges Dam is impounded, the optimum environmental discharge of the spawning period of the four largest fish is 110008m / 3.The most suitable environmental discharge during the spawning period of "four big domestic fish" after water storage at the three Gorges Dam is 100008 / 3 / 5). Finally, according to the results of the analysis of the ecological and hydrological objectives during the spawning period of the "four big domestic fish" and the simulation results,The feasible protection measures of the "four big domestic fish" spawning grounds are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：华北水利水电大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TV632;TV697.2

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