贵州农村老年人收入的性别差异研究

发布时间：2018-04-18 21:11

本文选题：老年人收入 + 性别差异　；参考：《贵州财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：由于农村劳动力大量流入城镇,导致我国出现人口老龄化城乡倒置的现象,农村老龄化问题比城市更加严重,特别是经济发展相对滞缓的贵州农村地区,人均收入较低,社会养老保障体系不健全,农村老年人的收入水平低下,成为困难农村老年人提升养老质量的瓶颈。并且,由于受个人特征、家庭情况、以及社会保障政策等因素的影响,女性老年人较之男性老年人收入水平更低、收入稳定性更差,不利于社会性别平等的实现,也不利于和谐社会的构建。因此,研究贵州农村女性老年人的收入问题,无疑对我国推进社会公平正义发展,实现全面小康社会具有重要的现实意义。本文采用贵州农村老年人社会保障与贫困状况问卷调查数据,从社会性别的视角,一方面详细分析了贵州农村老年人在收入来源、收入水平等方面的性别差异,另一方面,对贵州农村老年人的总收入和各分项收入的性别因素进行检验,分析性别对于老年人收入的影响显著性。另外,从个人因素、家庭内部因素、养老社会保障制度等多个层面,分析影响老年人收入差异的其他原因。分析结果得出:(1)贵州农村老年人在收入来源和收入水平上均存在显著地性别差异。相比于男性老年人,女性老年人收入来源较少,收入水平较低,对家庭成员的依赖性较强。(2)在影响因素分析中发现,老年人的健康状况、子女的孝顺程度,部分社会养老保障政策对老年人收入有显著影响。但性别因素没有显著性影响,这可能是贵州农村男性和女性老年人都以家庭经济支持为主,导致二者之间的差别并没有统计显著性。针对贵州农村老年人收入的性别差异,文章提出了相对公平的养老社会保障政策对策建议,包括:养老保障政策的制定中应纳入性别视角,设计真正体现性别平等的养老保险制度,保证制度公平、平等的惠及两性老年人;大力发展贵州农村的社区养老服务事业,推动医养结合养老服务模式在贵州农村的施行;加大对农村教育、医疗财政支持;加强贵州农村教育政策宣传,促进贵州农村两性教育公平,保障贵州农村女性受教育水平;完善贵州农村社会救助制度,注重向农村老年女性倾斜。
[Abstract]:Due to the large inflow of rural labor force into cities and towns, there is a phenomenon of population aging in China. The problem of rural aging is more serious than that of urban areas, especially in the rural areas of Guizhou, where the economic development is relatively slow, and the per capita income is low.The social old-age security system is not perfect and the income level of the rural elderly is low, which becomes the bottleneck of improving the old-age quality in the rural areas.Moreover, due to the influence of personal characteristics, family conditions, and social security policies, the income level of older women is lower and the income stability is lower than that of men, which is not conducive to the realization of gender equality.Also not conducive to the construction of a harmonious society.Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the income of rural elderly women in Guizhou to promote the development of social equity and justice and to realize a well-off society in an all-round way.Based on the questionnaire data of social security and poverty status of the rural elderly in Guizhou, this paper, from the perspective of gender, analyzes in detail the gender differences in income sources and income levels of the rural elderly in Guizhou, on the other hand,The total income of rural elderly in Guizhou Province and the gender factors of each sub-income were tested, and the influence of gender on the income of the elderly was analyzed.In addition, from the personal factors, family internal factors, old-age social security system and other levels, analysis of the elderly income differences in other reasons.The results showed that there were significant gender differences in income sources and income levels among the rural elderly in Guizhou.Compared with the male elderly, the female elderly had less income source, lower income level and stronger dependence on the family members.) in the analysis of the influencing factors, the health status of the elderly and the filial piety of the children were found.Some social old-age security policies have a significant impact on the income of the elderly.However, there is no significant effect of gender factors, which may be due to the fact that the male and female elderly in rural areas in Guizhou are mainly supported by family economy, and the difference between them is not statistically significant.In view of the gender difference of the income of the elderly in rural areas of Guizhou, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for a relatively fair old-age social security policy, including: the gender perspective should be included in the formulation of the old-age security policy.To design a pension insurance system that truly embodies gender equality, to ensure the fairness of the system and to benefit the elderly equally, to vigorously develop the community pension service in rural areas of Guizhou, and to promote the implementation of the mode of combination of medical care and support for the aged in rural areas of Guizhou;To increase financial support for rural education and medical treatment; to strengthen the publicity of rural education policies in Guizhou, to promote gender equality in rural education in Guizhou, to ensure the education level of rural women in Guizhou; to improve the rural social assistance system in Guizhou;Focus on the rural elderly women tilt.
【学位授予单位】：贵州财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.8

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