甘肃省农户农业节水技术采用行为研究

发布时间：2018-04-30 03:00

本文选题：农业节水技术 + 农户行为　；参考：《西北农林科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国水资源相对贫乏,人均占有量较少,水资源短缺不仅加剧了生态环境的脆弱性,也限制了农业的发展。农业用水是我国水资源利用中的重要组成部分,70%左右的社会用水用于农业。农业用水中,农田灌溉水的使用占90%以上,2015年水资源公报统计数据显示,农田灌溉用水有效利用系数为0.536,说明我国水资源不仅短缺而且存在大量浪费。想要解决这一问题,缓解农业用水压力,保证水资源可持续利用,促进我国农业可持续发展,必须鼓励农户采用有效的农业节水技术。甘肃省地处干旱的西北地区,降水稀少且分布不匀,水资源十分贫瘠。同时,甘肃省经济发展水平较低,对农业的依赖性较高,在当地大力推广农业节水技术,提高农户的高效节水技术采用率,可以缓解当地用水矛盾,增加农户收入,保护当地环境,提升当地居民生活水平。本文基于“理性人”假设,以甘肃省作为研究区域,围绕农业节水技术,将农户技术采用行为作为研究标的,运用logistic模型拟合甘肃省五个市285个样本农户的节水行为,深入探讨影响农户采用节水技术的各类因素。具体地,首先,通过梳理国内外相关文献和学习相应理论知识,提出了本文的理论分析框架,一方面通过农业技术诱导理论分析了节水技术出现和扩散的原因,另一方面,基于“理性人”假设,通过理性选择理论和集体行动理论探讨了农户的行为,再通过边际分析法、农户生产函数等研究了农户对技术的采用行为。其次,利用统计资料,研究了甘肃省的自然条件和节水发展概况,在自然条件方面主要调查了甘肃省的自然概况、农业发展概况和水资源概况,在节水发展方面主要调查了各种节水技术的采用程度和水资源利用中存在的问题。再次,通过问卷设计和实际调研获取了本文的研究数据,在实证分析时,将影响农户节水技术采用的因素分为了五个部分:户主个人特征、家庭生产特征、政策制度特征、水资源特征和技术认知特征。在对数据进行预处理时,发现家庭生产特征中变量之间的相关性较大,所以先用因子分析法将家庭生产特征中的变量进行降维,得到互不相关的几个主要因子,再将所得因子和其余变量代入二元logistic回归方程,得到回归结果。最后,解释回归结果,分析农户节水技术采用的影响因素,基于研究结论提出相应的政策建议。本文的研究结论有:甘肃省节水灌溉面积占比小、不同节水技术采用差异较大、节水技术培训力度较弱、农户对节水缺乏正确认知。回归结果表明,收入因子、种植因子、政府节水补贴、节水技术示范村、水资源短缺程度、水资源价格认知、节水技术认知程度均对农户节水技术的采用存在显著影响。基于以上研究结论,本文提出了以下政策建议:多引导农户种植效益较高的经济作物、加快土地流转,促进规模经营、健全农户技术培训机制、加大政府扶持力度及建立合理的水价调节机制。
[Abstract]:The water resources in China are relatively poor and the per capita possession is small. The shortage of water resources not only intensifies the fragility of ecological environment, but also restricts the development of agriculture. Agricultural water use is an important part of water resources utilization in China, about 70% of social water is used in agriculture. Agricultural irrigation water use accounts for more than 90% of agricultural water use. The statistical data of 2015 Water Resources Bulletin show that the effective utilization coefficient of farmland irrigation water is 0.536, which indicates that water resources in China are not only short but also wasteful. In order to solve this problem, to relieve the pressure of agricultural water use, to ensure the sustainable utilization of water resources and to promote the sustainable development of agriculture in China, it is necessary to encourage farmers to adopt effective agricultural water-saving techniques. Gansu Province is located in arid northwest region, precipitation is rare and uneven distribution, water resources are very poor. At the same time, the level of economic development in Gansu Province is relatively low, and the dependence on agriculture is high. Popularizing agricultural water-saving technology in the local areas and increasing the adoption rate of high-efficiency water-saving technologies for farmers can alleviate the contradiction of local water use and increase the income of farmers. To protect the local environment and improve the living standards of local residents. Based on the hypothesis of "rational man", this paper takes Gansu Province as the research area, takes the behavior of farmers' technology adoption as the research object, and applies logistic model to fit the water-saving behavior of 285 sample farmers in five cities of Gansu Province. This paper probes into various factors influencing farmers' adoption of water-saving technology. Specifically, first of all, by combing the relevant literature at home and abroad and studying the corresponding theoretical knowledge, this paper puts forward the theoretical analysis framework of this paper. On the one hand, it analyzes the reasons for the emergence and diffusion of water-saving technology through agricultural technology induction theory, on the other hand, Based on the hypothesis of "rational man", this paper discusses the behavior of farmers through rational choice theory and collective action theory, and then studies the behavior of adopting technology by means of marginal analysis, production function of farmers and so on. Secondly, the natural conditions and water-saving development situation of Gansu Province are studied by using statistical data, and the natural situation, agricultural development and water resources situation of Gansu Province are mainly investigated in terms of natural conditions. In the aspect of water-saving development, the application degree of various water-saving technologies and the problems existing in the utilization of water resources are investigated. Thirdly, through the questionnaire design and actual investigation to obtain the research data of this paper, in the empirical analysis, the factors that affect the farmers' water-saving technology are divided into five parts: the personal characteristics of household head, the characteristics of household production, the characteristics of policy and system. Characteristics of water resources and technical cognition. When the data is preprocessed, it is found that there is a great correlation between the variables in the family production characteristics, so the variables in the family production characteristics are reduced by factor analysis method, and several main factors which are not related to each other are obtained. Then the obtained factors and other variables are substituted into the binary logistic regression equation and the regression results are obtained. Finally, the paper explains the regression results, analyzes the influencing factors of farmers' water-saving technology, and puts forward corresponding policy recommendations based on the conclusions of the research. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: the proportion of water-saving irrigation area in Gansu Province is small, the different water-saving techniques are different, the training intensity of water-saving technology is weak, and farmers lack correct understanding of water-saving. The regression results showed that income factor, planting factor, government water-saving subsidy, water-saving technology demonstration village, water shortage degree, water resources price cognition and water-saving technology cognition had significant influence on the adoption of water-saving technology by farmers. Based on the above research conclusions, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: to guide farmers to grow more efficient cash crops, to speed up land transfer, to promote scale management, to improve farmers' technical training mechanism. Increase government support and establish a reasonable water price regulation mechanism.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.3

【参考文献】