硝化抑制剂对尿素氮转化及玉米氮素利用和产量的影响

发布时间：2018-05-01 05:06

本文选题：硝化抑制剂 + 氮素转化　；参考：《东北农业大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：据统计,我国单位面积化肥用量比世界平均水平高出2.7倍,由此造成的生态和环境压力与日倍增,同时,作物对传统肥料的吸收利用效率在逐年降低,发展新型肥料成为一种必然趋势。硝化抑制剂的使用能用减缓土壤硝化作用的进程,提供作物所需养分的同时最大限度的保证了环境安全。本文是针对黑龙江省黑土区第一大农作物玉米施用氮肥增效剂的研究,通过田间小区试验,探讨混合型硝化抑制剂对土壤氮素转化、土壤p H值的影响,以及与一次性全施肥、追肥进行氮素积累、产量和品质的比较分析,获得混合型硝化抑制剂最佳配比。土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量在玉米苗期的变化差异最明显,尿素添加硝化抑制剂的处理,苗期土壤的铵态氮和硝态氮含量均达到生育期内的最大值,吡唑类硝化抑制剂易被土壤胶体所吸附,导致各处理生育后期的土壤铵态氮、硝态氮含量基本一致,尿素中硝化抑制剂的添加与否均使土壤铵态氮、硝态氮呈现出苗期含量达到最高、而后明显下降的变化趋势。尿素添加硝化抑制剂明显降低了土壤的硝化率,与一次性全施肥、追肥处理存在显著性差异。土壤p H值的变化范围在5.5~7.0,土壤pH值的下降是尿素添加硝化抑制剂施用后的明显特征,该范围内土壤p H值的下降可降低土壤铵态氮向硝态氮的转化速度,活化被土壤胶体所固定的磷元素,减少氮素以氨的形式挥发。在相关性分析中发现,土壤pH值与硝化率之间存在极显著正相关关系,相关系数达到0.5697**;土壤p H值与土壤铵态氮含量存在极显著负相关关系,相关系数为-0.4962**。土壤含水率与土壤pH值、硝化率关系密切,均存在极显著负相关线性关系,针对黑龙江省“雨热同季”的气候特征,结合土壤含水率在抽雄期达到最大值的变化情况,说明5~8月份,随着土壤含水率和土温的上升,加速了硝化抑制剂被微生物的分解速度,抑制剂作用于尿素态氮素转化的有效性增强,保证了作物生育后期对养分的需求。根据硝化抑制效果、经济系数、氮素积累、氮收获指数、产量、产量构成因子及氮肥利用率的综合性分析,最后认为配方2低浓度处理(吡唑-吡啶盐酸盐混合物0.125%添加量)的作用效果最好,其次是配方1(吡唑-吡啶硫酸盐混合物)。其中,配方1高浓度处理(吡唑-吡啶硫酸盐混合物0.5%添加量)的苗期硝化抑制率最高,为64.93%;经济系数最高,达到61.39%。配方2低浓度处理(吡唑-吡啶盐酸盐混合物0.125%添加量)、配方1中浓度处理(吡唑-吡啶硫酸盐混合物0.25%添加量)分别较一次性全施肥处理增产10.69%和5.89%;配方2低浓度处理、配方1低浓度处理(吡唑-吡啶硫酸盐混合物0.125%添加量)对氮肥的利用效率最佳,分别为58.16%和47.14%。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, the amount of fertilizer per unit area in China is 2.7 times higher than the world average, resulting in a doubling of ecological and environmental pressures and diurnal pressure. At the same time, the efficiency of traditional fertilizer absorption and utilization by crops is decreasing year by year. The development of new type fertilizer has become an inevitable trend. The use of nitrification inhibitors can slow down the process of soil nitrification and provide the nutrients needed by crops while ensuring maximum environmental safety. In this paper, the effect of mixed nitrification inhibitor on soil nitrogen conversion, soil pH value, and total fertilizer application were studied through field experiments on the application of nitrogen fertilizer synergist to maize, the largest crop in the black soil area of Heilongjiang Province. The optimum ratio of mixed nitrification inhibitors was obtained by comparing and analyzing nitrogen accumulation, yield and quality of top dressing fertilizer. The change of soil ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content was the most obvious in maize seedling stage. The content of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen reached the maximum value in seedling stage when urea was added with nitrification inhibitor. Pyrazole nitrification inhibitors are easy to be adsorbed by soil colloids, which leads to the same content of ammonium nitrogen in soil at the later stage of growth, and the addition of nitrification inhibitors in urea can make the soil ammonium nitrogen. Nitrate nitrogen content reached the highest level at emergence stage and then decreased obviously. The addition of nitrification inhibitor to urea significantly reduced the nitrification rate of soil, which was significantly different from that of one-off total fertilization and topdressing. The variation range of soil pH value was 5.5 ~ 7.0.The decrease of soil pH value was the obvious characteristic after application of urea with nitrification inhibitor. The decrease of soil pH value in this range could reduce the conversion rate of soil ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen. Activate phosphorus fixed by soil colloid and reduce nitrogen volatilization in the form of ammonia. In the correlation analysis, it was found that there was a very significant positive correlation between soil pH value and nitrification rate, with a correlation coefficient of 0.5697, and a very significant negative correlation between soil pH value and soil ammonium nitrogen content, with a correlation coefficient of -0.4962. Soil moisture content was closely related to soil pH value and nitrification rate, and there was an extremely significant negative correlation linear relationship between soil moisture content and soil pH value and nitrification rate. According to the climatic characteristics of "Rain Heat in the same season" in Heilongjiang Province, the change of soil moisture content reached the maximum value at the stage of pumping and reeling. The results showed that with the increase of soil moisture content and soil temperature, the decomposition rate of nitrification inhibitor by microorganisms was accelerated in May August, and the effectiveness of nitrification inhibitor acting on urea nitrogen transformation was enhanced, which ensured the nutrient demand in the later stage of crop growth. According to the comprehensive analysis of nitrification inhibition effect, economic coefficient, nitrogen accumulation, nitrogen harvest index, yield, yield composition factor and nitrogen fertilizer utilization, It was concluded that formula 2 had the best effect with low concentration treatment (0.125% addition of pyrazole-pyridine hydrochloride mixture), followed by formula 1 (pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture). The highest nitrification inhibition rate (64.93%) and the highest economic coefficient (61.39%) of high concentration treatment (0.5% addition of pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture) at seedling stage were found in formula 1. Formula 2, low concentration treatment (pyrazole-pyridine hydrochloride mixture 0.125%), medium concentration treatment (pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture 0.25%) increased production by 10.69% and 5.89% respectively compared with one-off fertilization treatment, formula 2, low concentration treatment, The best nitrogen fertilizer utilization efficiency was 58.16% and 47.14% for low concentration treatment (0.125% pyrazole-pyridine sulfate mixture), respectively.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S513

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