基于专利分析的技术生态位的测度与评价研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 04:51

本文选题：专利分析 + 生态位　；参考：《江苏大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现如今是一个经济全球化、竞争白热化的时代,从企业之间的竞争,再到国家的发展和进步,科技创新扮演了越来越重要的角色。因此,是否具备强大的竞争力,关键在于是否拥有强劲的科技创新力。而专利与科技创新的关系密切相关,已成为评价企业、地区乃至国家科技创新能力的重要指标之一。据世界知识产权组织(WIPO)的统计显示,全球每年有超过90%的发明创造都申请了专利。可见,专利中含有丰富的科技信息,反映着技术发展状态和趋势。怎样从专利中提取和利用技术信息,为国家、地区和企业的发展提供信息参考和战略支持,具有极为重要的现实意义。本文在对众多文献调研的基础上,梳理和研究了专利分析的内容、方法、流程,以及生态位的原理和应用。发现专利信息中蕴含了大量的技术信息,是进行技术有关问题研究过程中的不可忽视的数据资源,能够用来研究分析技术的发展趋势、分布状况、以及各技术领域的竞争状态。而技术的存在形式与自然界生物的存在形式类似,生态位理论可以被适用于技术有关问题的研究中。由此,本文通过原理移植,借鉴生态位的理论,以专利分析为切入点,利用生态位的计算方法对技术进行生态位测度和评价,以期了解产业技术的竞争状态。本文在对专利分析和生态位等理论进行梳理的基础上,从自然生态系统与技术生态系统的映射关系出发,探索技术生态位模型构建的原理。结合专利分析的内容,基于技术生态位的分类,从宏观生态位和微观生态位两个维度构建技术生态位测度模型。该模型包括:宏观生态位测度——结合专利分析的要素特点,基于时间生态因子、空间生态因子、主体生态因子和技术生态因子四个维度提出了专利申请趋势、专利申请地区、IPC分类、专利权人及其技术构成的生态因子模型,进行宏观生态位的测度与评价,了解产业竞争态势;微观生态位测度——运用相对指标体系RPA和赫芬达尔-赫希曼指数HHI测度评价技术个体生态位,采用Levins模型测度评价技术主体生态位。以镇江船舶与海洋工程装备产业为实证研究,基于专利分析分别进行宏观生态位和微观生态位的测度,依据测度结果评价镇江该产业的竞争状态。并在此基础上,提出了巩固已有生态位——维持竞争优势;开辟新型生态位——重构技术边界;优化技术生态位——升级产业价值链的对策和建议,从实证角度验证了测度模型的可行性,进而能够为评测其他产业提供一定的参考,从而丰富了专利分析的理论和方法。
[Abstract]:Nowadays it is an era of economic globalization and intense competition. From the competition between enterprises to the development and progress of the country, scientific and technological innovation has played an increasingly important role. Therefore, whether has the formidable competitive power, the key lies in whether has the strong science and technology innovation power. The relationship between patent and scientific and technological innovation is closely related and has become one of the important indexes to evaluate the scientific and technological innovation ability of enterprises, regions and even countries. According to the World intellectual property Organization (WIPO), more than 90% of the world's inventions apply for patents every year. Visible, patent contains abundant science and technology information, reflect technological development state and trend. How to extract and utilize technical information from patents and provide information reference and strategic support for the development of countries, regions and enterprises is of great practical significance. In this paper, the contents, methods, processes, principles and applications of patent analysis are reviewed and studied on the basis of many literatures. It is found that patent information contains a large amount of technical information, which is a data resource that can not be ignored in the research process of technology related problems. It can be used to study the development trend, distribution and competitive state of various technical fields. The existence form of technology is similar to that of natural organisms, and niche theory can be applied to the study of technology-related problems. Therefore, through principle transplantation, using the theory of niche for reference, taking patent analysis as the starting point, this paper uses the niche calculation method to measure and evaluate the niche of technology in order to understand the competitive state of industrial technology. Based on the theory of patent analysis and niche, this paper explores the principle of constructing technology niche model from the mapping relationship between natural ecosystem and technology ecosystem. Based on the classification of technology niche, the measurement model of technology niche is constructed from two dimensions of macro niche and micro niche. The model includes: macroscopic niche measure-combined with the characteristics of patent analysis elements, based on four dimensions of time ecological factor, spatial ecological factor, subject ecological factor and technological ecological factor, the patent application trend is put forward, which is based on four dimensions: time ecological factor, spatial ecological factor, subject ecological factor and technological ecological factor. The classification of IPC, the ecological factor model of patentee and its technology, the measurement and evaluation of macro niche, and the understanding of the situation of industrial competition; Microcosmic niche measure-using relative index system RPA and Herfindahl-Herschmann index HHI to evaluate the individual niche of technology, and using Levins model to measure the niche of technical subject. Taking Zhenjiang shipbuilding and marine engineering equipment industry as an empirical study, the macro-niche and micro-niche were measured based on patent analysis, and the competitive status of Zhenjiang industry was evaluated based on the measurement results. On this basis, the countermeasures and suggestions for consolidating the existing niche to maintain the competitive advantage, opening up a new niche and reconstructing the technological boundary, optimizing the technological niche and upgrading the industrial value chain are put forward. The feasibility of the measurement model is verified from the empirical point of view, which can provide a certain reference for the evaluation of other industries, thus enriching the theory and method of patent analysis.
【学位授予单位】：江苏大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G306

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