排污费政策执行中的目标偏离现象研究

发布时间：2018-05-02 01:49

本文选题：排污费 + 污染物排放　；参考：《华侨大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国目前实行了排污量计费的排污收费制度,通过对排污者排放污染物的行为收费来增加排污者的市场竞争成本,刺激排污者减少排污。这对于减少环境污染、提高环境质量、节约资源和能源,具有重要的意义和作用。但我国执行排污费政策后,是否起到了调控污染的作用?根据环保部门的统计数据显示,虽然我国的总量减排成绩喜人,但排污费数据却从2003年的73.1亿元,上升到2014年的186.8亿元,增长了2.6倍左右。从计费原理来说,排污费依据排放污染物的量计算所得,污染物排放量也应相应增长2.6倍,但从统计数据来看,排污费与污染减排量呈现“各行其是”的局面,排污费政策似乎也变成了一种单纯的收费制度,而不再是一种经济调控措施。文中拟采用福建某市辖区作为案例分析排污收费政策目标偏离的现象,先以2006年至2015年之间福建某市辖区可能影响排污收费的各影响因素为对象,进行数据的相关性分析,寻找与排污费相关性最高的影响因素,再通过福建某市辖区的真实收费案例进行分析,最后将分析结果代入史密斯政策过程模型,探讨矫正目标偏离的措施。从研究结果来看,决定我国排污收费走向的并非是污染物排放量,而是上级环保部门与地方政府的任务要求。而从史密斯政策过程模型来分析,造成这种情况的原因主要有基层政策执行主体执法力量薄弱,收费对象不愿配合,基层监测网络不完善,收费政策过于理想化等原因。要矫正排污收费政策目标的偏离,可以从这些原因入手。
[Abstract]:At present, our country has implemented the sewage charge system of the charge of discharge quantity, by charging the behavior of the polluter to increase the market competition cost of the polluter, and stimulate the polluter to reduce the discharge. It is of great significance and function to reduce environmental pollution, improve environmental quality, and save resources and energy. But after our country carries out the policy of sewage charge, has it played the role of regulating and controlling pollution? According to statistics from environmental protection departments, although China's total emission reduction results are gratifying, the sewage charges rose from 7.31 billion yuan in 2003 to 18.68 billion yuan in 2014, an increase of about 2.6-fold. According to the charging principle, sewage charges should be calculated according to the amount of pollutants discharged, and the discharge of pollutants should also increase 2.6 times accordingly. But from the statistical data, the sewage charges and the emission reduction of pollution show a situation of "going their own ways". Sewage charges policy also seems to become a simple charging system, rather than an economic regulation and control measures. This paper intends to use a municipal district in Fujian as a case to analyze the phenomenon of the deviation of the policy target of sewage charges. Firstly, taking the factors that may affect sewage charges in a municipal district of Fujian Province between 2006 and 2015 as the objects, the correlation analysis of the data is carried out. This paper looks for the most influential factors related to sewage charges, and then analyzes the real toll cases in a municipal district in Fujian Province. Finally, the analysis results are substituted into Smith's policy process model, and the measures to correct the deviation of the target are discussed. From the research results, it is not the pollutant discharge but the task requirement of the higher environmental protection department and the local government that determines the direction of the sewage charge in our country. From Smith's policy process model, the main reasons for this situation are the weak law enforcement power of grass-roots policy executive body, the unwillingness of charging object, the imperfect grass-roots monitoring network, the excessive idealization of charging policy, and so on. To correct the deviation of sewage charging policy, we can start with these reasons.
【学位授予单位】：华侨大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X321

【参考文献】