基于GIS的辽宁花生气候适宜性精细化区划

发布时间：2018-05-03 16:20

  本文选题：花生 + GIS地理信息系统　； 参考：《沈阳农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：花生是辽宁省重要的油料和经济作物,也是抗旱避灾的首选作物。辽宁省具有适宜的气候条件、充足的种植面积以及成熟的加工产业优势,成为我国花生生产的第四大省区。本文利用辽宁省61个气象观测站1981-2010年逐日气候资料,依托GIS优越的空间数据处理与分析能力,利用统计分析法,实现辽宁省多个气候要素的空间分布状况高精度模拟。在分析辽宁省各气候资源要素的时间变化特征及空间分布状态的基础上,选取影响花生生长的6个气候资源区划指标,通过地理信息系统(GIS)对辽宁地区花生种植气候适宜性进行精细化区划,比较地区间适宜性的差异,并绘制出花生气候适宜性区划专题图。为花生种植的合理布局和产业发展规划,充分利用气候资源、减轻不利气候条件对花生生产的影响提供科学依据。主要研究结果如下:1.以相关地形因子为变量,通过混合插值法建立辽宁省4个主要农业气候资源要素、5个花生区划指标空间推算模型,以空间模型制作气候要素的高精度模拟栅格图,分辨率为500m2。2.辽宁农业气候资源的变化特征。辽宁省30年来总体呈变暖趋势。年平均气温以0.3℃/10年的变化率显著升高;≥10℃积温同样表现出增加趋势,其变化倾向率为125.6℃/10年;年降水量以13.6mm/10年的变化速呈微弱减少趋势,变化特征不明显;而全年日照时数则以47小时/10年的变化率逐年递减。3.辽宁花生种植的气候适宜性区划结果显示,最适宜区主要分布在辽河下游平原及沿海平原地区;气候较适宜区主要分布于低地平原向丘陵的过渡区域;气候适宜区主要分布在丘陵地带;气候不适宜区主要分布于山地地区。从气候资源角度,全省绝大多数地区比较适宜种植花生作物,仅有极少数山地地区不太适宜。
[Abstract]:Peanut is an important oil crop and cash crop in Liaoning Province, and it is also the first choice crop for drought resistance and disaster avoidance. Liaoning Province is the fourth province of peanut production in China because of its suitable climatic conditions, sufficient planting area and mature processing industry. Based on the daily climate data of 61 meteorological stations in Liaoning Province from 1981 to 2010 and relying on the superior spatial data processing and analysis ability of GIS, the high-precision simulation of spatial distribution of many climatic elements in Liaoning Province is realized by using statistical analysis method. Based on the analysis of time variation and spatial distribution of climate resource elements in Liaoning Province, six climate resource regionalization indexes affecting peanut growth were selected. The climate suitability of peanut planting in Liaoning Province was refined by GIS, the difference of suitability was compared, and the thematic map of climate suitability regionalization of peanut was drawn. It provides a scientific basis for rational distribution of peanut planting and industrial development planning, making full use of climatic resources and mitigating the impact of adverse climatic conditions on peanut production. The main results are as follows: 1. Taking the related terrain factors as variables, four main agricultural climatic resource elements and five peanut regionalization index spatial prediction models were established by mixed interpolation method. The high-precision simulation grid map of climate elements was made with spatial model, with a resolution of 500m2.2. The change characteristic of Liaoning agricultural climate resources. Liaoning Province has shown a warming trend in the past 30 years. The annual mean temperature increased significantly at 0. 3 鈩，

本文编号：1839209