县域重金属污染农用地土壤安全利用评价与调控

发布时间：2018-05-03 14:22

本文选题：农用地 + 重金属　；参考：《中国地质大学(北京)》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：土地资源是大自然赐予人类之珍品,孕育世间万物,是一切人类文明之基石,国家之重宝。土地资源于我国是保命田,关乎亿万同胞之温饱,国家根基之稳固。近年来我国土壤环境污染问题日益严重,区域农用地土壤安全是农产品安全的第一道屏障,其质量状况直接关系粮食安全。本文从基本描述性统计分析、数据稳健处理分析、空间变异分析和空间插值分析这4个方面针对表层土壤重金属As、Cd、Cu、Hg、Pb、Zn进行空间变异特征研究,发现六种表层重金属原始数据均不符合正态分布,呈现右偏强变异的空间分布特征,受到自然因素和人为因素的共同作用。通过对比分析可知用与原始数据变异程度几乎相同的NST稳健处理数据做IDW空间插值预测效果最佳,从而有效的将点源数据预测为面状数据,为后续研究提供了更科学合理的数据支撑。利用地理探测器(GeogDetector)识别出表层土壤重金属的潜在风险因子及因子间的交互作用。通过因子探测器识别出六种表层土壤重金属的前五大潜在风险因子既有自然因素,也有社会经济因素。通过交互探测器识别出六种表层土壤重金属空间分异潜在风险因子交互作用都为非线性增强。通过风险探测器识别出六种表层土壤重金属各自的潜在风险因子类别,这可为后期识别与监测重金属污染区域提供更准确和详细的科学依据。以“分类管理”为出发点基于4段不同pH区间集成了8种地类的8种重金属评价标准;开展了以“单因子指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法和潜在生态风险指数法”为核心评价方法的农用地土壤重金属污染现状质量评价得到5级划分方案;基于pH、CEC、TOC、粘粒含量(Clay)、最小标准环境容量系数(MSECI)开展农用地土壤重金属缓冲过滤功能评价得到3级划分方案;基于现状质量评价和缓冲过滤功能评价,开展重金属污染农用地土壤安全利用评价,得到“功能—质量—利用规划”(Functions-Qualities-Use Planning,FQU)的4级15类安全利用组合模式。基于重金属污染农用地土壤安全利用评价,提出县乡地块不同尺度的不同调控方案。并开展县级尺度安全利用分区管控及永久基本农田调整、耕地安全利用监测和乡级尺度农业种植制度调整并辅以地块尺度调整示范的研究,分级、分类、分区有针对性的探讨了重金属污染农用地土壤的安全利用与调控思路,以促进土地资源的合理利用,有效实现土地的最大生产效益、社会经济效益和生态效益,真正助力土地资源的“三位一体”管控。
[Abstract]:Land resources are the treasures given by nature to human beings, the cornerstone of all human civilization and the important treasure of the country. Land resources in our country is a vital field, related to the food and clothing of hundreds of millions of compatriots, the foundation of the country. In recent years, the problem of soil environmental pollution in China is becoming more and more serious. The soil safety of regional agricultural land is the first barrier to the safety of agricultural products, and its quality is directly related to food security. In this paper, the spatial variation characteristics of heavy metal Aspergectin in surface soil were studied from four aspects: basic descriptive statistical analysis, data robust processing analysis, spatial variation analysis and spatial interpolation analysis. It is found that the original data of six kinds of surface heavy metals do not accord with normal distribution, showing the spatial distribution characteristics of strong right side variation, which are affected by both natural and human factors. Through the comparison and analysis, we can know that the best prediction effect is to use the NST robust processing data with the same degree of variation as the original data, so that the point source data can be effectively predicted as plane data. It provides more scientific and reasonable data support for further research. The potential risk factors of heavy metals in topsoil and the interaction between them were identified by GeogDetector. The first five potential risk factors of six kinds of heavy metals in topsoil were identified by factor detector. The interaction of six potential risk factors for spatial differentiation of heavy metals in surface soils was identified as nonlinear enhancement by interaction detectors. The potential risk factors of six kinds of heavy metals in surface soil can be identified by risk detectors, which can provide more accurate and detailed scientific basis for the later identification and monitoring of heavy metal contaminated areas. Based on "classified management", 8 kinds of heavy metals were integrated into 8 kinds of heavy metals in four different pH ranges, and "single factor index method" was developed. Nemero comprehensive pollution index method and potential ecological risk index method "as the core evaluation method of agricultural land soil heavy metal pollution quality evaluation of the status of five grade scheme;" Based on pH ~ (+) CEC _ (TOC), clay content (C _ (lay), minimum standard environmental capacity coefficient (MSECI) to evaluate the buffering and filtering function of heavy metals in agricultural land, a three-level classification scheme was obtained, which was based on the evaluation of present situation quality and buffer filtration function. The evaluation of soil safety utilization of heavy metal contaminated agricultural land was carried out, and 15 kinds of safe use combination models of Functions-Qualities-Use planning FQU (Functions-Qualities-Use planning FQU) were obtained. Based on the evaluation of soil safety utilization of agricultural land contaminated by heavy metals, different control schemes for different scales of county and township plots were put forward. At the county level, the management and control of the safe use of agricultural land and the adjustment of the permanent basic farmland, the monitoring of the safe utilization of cultivated land and the adjustment of the agricultural planting system at the township level and the demonstration of the adjustment of the land scale are carried out, and the research, classification and classification are carried out. In order to promote the rational utilization of land resources and realize the maximum productive benefit, social economic benefit and ecological benefit of the land, the paper discusses the safe utilization and regulation of agricultural land contaminated by heavy metal. Real power land resources of the "Trinity" control.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X825

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