西北地区公共建筑用水量研究

发布时间：2018-05-04 23:36

本文选题：用水量 + 用水定额　；参考：《山东建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前我国经济正处于高速上升期,人民生活较以往得到了较大的改善,城市用水设施也日趋完善,城市用水量随之增加。目前使用的规范中涉及的用水定额标准及最高日用水量与现在的建筑用水量不符合,而规范中的这类指标应随社会发展而不断改善。用水定额是作为评价某一地域水资源管理与计划用水的一项基础标准。因此,合适的用水定额对加强用水管理、改善用水现状和实现可持续发展有重大意义。为研究我国西北地区用水现状、改善该地区用水管理模式、加强节约用水,文章对我国西北地区进行调研研究,具体工作内容为:⑴调研我国城市水资源管理现状,与国外水资源管理模式对比分析,发现我国在水资源管理工作中及节水工作的不足,结合用水定额的计算,提出合理性建议。⑵按照不同的城市规模,选取我国西北地区四座不同城市规模的城市,包括特大城市西安市、大型城市兰州市、中型城市武威市和小城市会宁县。在此4座城市中选取7类典型用水建筑进行用水量调研,获取其用水相关信息。将相同类别建筑通过聚类分析法进行再细化分类,即将同类建筑按照功能、规模、或是性质的不同分为2至3类,再进行用水量调研。⑶用水量数据经过筛选、分类处理后,整理为用水量日变化、用水量时变化折线图或用水量统计表,并计算各类建筑日变化系数及时变化系数。找出用水量变化情况,根据各类建筑用水量变化趋势与变化系数,横向分析不同类别建筑用水量不同的原因,纵向分析各建筑自身用水量变化的原因,发现影响用水量变化主要原因有季节性影响、节假日影响等。⑷编制用水定额。根据当地实际情况及数据收集情况,选取更为科学、适宜的概率测算法进行统计分析,将调研计算获取的大量人均用水量制作正态分布图,按满足90%人均用水量时情况下,进行用水定额计算工作。计算结束后,再针对当地实际用水情况,取用水定额建议值为办公楼60~90 L/人·班,综合办公楼110~130 L/人·班;商场3~6 L/每平米营业面积·日;正餐类餐饮30~50 L/人·次、快餐类餐饮20~40 L/人·次;幼儿园30~50 L/人·天;浴室100~130 L/人·次;高等院校46~60 L/人·天;带淋浴设施宿舍80~100 L/人·天、无淋浴设施宿舍20~40 L/人·天。⑸计算获取的用水定额建议值与规范提供的用水定额标准进行对比,并通过对当地的气候条件、人民生活水平、用水设施情况、城市规模等多个方面综合分析,得出目前城市生活用水定额主要影响因素有季节性影响、居民生活习惯影响、用水设备安装程度影响、城市规模影响等。⑹分析编制用水定额时影响用水定额科学性的因素,从用水定额标准计量单位分析误差产生的原因和从用水定额标准的分类中找出对某类建筑分类的不合理性,再结合目前用水实际情况提出改善意见。⑺阐述最终在用水量变化情况、用水定额编制得到的结论。结合实际提出针对用水定额制定方面的建议。
[Abstract]:At present, the economy of our country is at a high speed rising, the people's life has been greatly improved compared with the past, and the urban water use facilities are becoming more and more perfect, and the water consumption of the city is increasing. The standard of water quota and the maximum daily water amount involved in the current usage are not consistent with the current water consumption, and the norms in this kind of index should follow the society. The water quota is a basic standard for evaluating water resources management and planned water for a certain region. Therefore, the appropriate water quota is of great significance to strengthening water management, improving the current situation of water use and achieving sustainable development. Strong water saving, the article to the northwest area of China research and research, the specific work content is: (1) investigation of the current situation of urban water resources management in China, compared with foreign water resources management model, found that our country in water resources management and water saving work is insufficient, combined with the calculation of water quota, and put forward reasonable suggestions. 2. The scale of the city is selected four cities of different cities in the northwest of China, including Xi'an, Lanzhou, Wuwei, and small city in Huning county. In the 4 cities, 7 types of typical water use buildings are selected for water consumption survey, and the same type of buildings are clustered through clustering. The analysis method is further refined and classified, and the similar buildings are divided into 2 to 3 categories according to the function, scale, or nature, and then the water consumption survey is carried out. 3. After screening, the water consumption data is selected and classified into daily change of water consumption, the changing line map of water use or the statistical table of water consumption, and the calculation of the change coefficient of various buildings in time. In order to find out the change of water consumption, according to the changing trend and change coefficient of various kinds of building water consumption, the reasons for different types of water consumption in different types of buildings are analyzed horizontally, the reasons for the change of water consumption in each building are analyzed longitudinally, and the main reasons for the change of water consumption are seasonal and holidays. 4. According to the local actual situation and data collection, a more scientific and suitable method of probability calculation is selected for statistical analysis. A large amount of per capita water consumption obtained by investigation and calculation is made to make a normal distribution map, and the water quota is calculated under the condition of meeting 90% per capita water consumption. Water quota is recommended for office building 60~90 L/ person class, comprehensive office building 110~130 L/ person class; market 3~6 L/ per square meter business area. Day; dinner 30~50 L/ person / time, fast food 20~40 L/ person times; kindergarten 30~50 L/. The proposed value of water quota obtained by 20~40 L/ man days without shower facilities was compared with the standard of water quota provided by the standard. By analyzing the local climate conditions, the people's living standard, the water use facilities and the urban scale, the main influence of the current urban water consumption quota was obtained. There are seasonal effects, the influence of residents' living habits, the influence of the installation degree of water use equipment, the influence of urban scale, etc. Rational, and then combined with the actual situation of water use to improve the opinion.

【学位授予单位】：山东建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TU991.31

【相似文献】