雷达管制中的视觉搜索模式研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 15:02

  本文选题：管制员 + 视觉搜索模式　； 参考：《中国民航大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的高速发展,国家在民航领域的需求也在持续增长,从而促使民航业快速不断的发展壮大,使民航业在国民经济中占据举足重轻的地位。因此,航空领域的安全问题需要给予充分重视。鉴于航空体系是复杂的人-机-环系统,在对体系中的事故及事故征候进行分析时发现,人为因素在各影响要素中占有十分重要的作用。而在航空体系中,空管系统的作用也日益突出,根据2014年的统计数据可知,民航空管系统全年保障各类飞行起降共计754万架次,同比增长8.9%。考虑到空中交通管理系统是复杂的人-机-环交互体系,而其中最为核心的要素是空中交通管制人员。因此,本文将管制人员作为研究对象,考虑到在管制过程中,管制人员获取的信息多是由视觉搜索获得的,本文将对管制员的视觉搜索特性进行研究。为了获取管制员的眼动数据,本文结合雷达管制模拟机与Tobii X2-60眼动仪,利用分屏的方式,将模拟管制场景转移至装有眼动仪的电脑屏幕前。在已有结论的基础上,文章选取眼动指标:注视点数目、注视持续时间、水平方向视角、垂直方向视角、扫视幅度和扫视速度等,来表征空中交通管制人员的视觉搜索模式。在实验场景中,设置不同的飞机数目,将飞机数目作为实验变量,在所得眼动数据的基础上,对飞机数目和管制人员的视觉搜索模式的关系进行研究。分析结果表明:实验所得的眼动数据,如果按照区间进行划分并统计数目,可以很清晰的发现各个眼动指标的分布情况大有不同,彼此之间的分布规律存在较大差异;在所得统计结论的基础上,结合具体实验场景和眼动指标含义,可将管制员在雷达管制场景中的视觉搜索模式总结为:在被试进行视觉搜索活动的注视范围内,注视区域内存在的信息密度较大。虽然被试的视觉搜索速度一般,但是较易提取所需信息,不存在太多需要进行深度注意的情况。结合模拟管制场景可知,被试的注视区域多集中在屏幕下方与跑道附近。而且通过对上述数据进行方差分析,可以发现随着飞机数目的变化,被试的视觉搜索模式并无明显改变。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the demand of the country in the field of civil aviation is also increasing, which promotes the rapid development of the civil aviation industry and makes the civil aviation industry occupy the position of light weight in the national economy. Therefore, the aviation domain safety question needs to give the full attention. In view of the fact that aviation system is a complex man-machine-loop system, it is found that human factors play an important role in the analysis of accidents and accident symptoms in the system. In the aviation system, the role of air traffic control system is increasingly prominent. According to 2014 statistics, civil aviation air traffic control system guarantees 7.54 million flights and landings, an increase of 8.9 percent over the same period last year. Considering that air traffic management system is a complex man-machine-environment interaction system, the most important element is air traffic control personnel. Therefore, this paper takes the controller as the research object, considering that in the process of regulation, the information obtained by the controller is mostly obtained by visual search, this paper will study the visual search characteristics of the controller. In order to obtain the eye movement data of the controller, combined with the radar control simulator and the Tobii X2-60 eye movement instrument, the simulation control scene was transferred to the computer screen with the eye movement meter. On the basis of the existing conclusions, this paper selects the index of eye movement: the number of fixation points, the duration of fixation, the horizontal angle of view, the vertical angle of view, the range of scan and the speed of scan, to characterize the visual search mode of air traffic control personnel. In the experimental scene, the number of aircraft was set up as the experimental variable, and the relationship between the number of aircraft and the visual search mode of the controller was studied on the basis of the obtained eye movement data. The results show that: the experimental eye movement data, if divided according to the interval and the number of statistics, we can clearly find that the distribution of each eye movement index is very different, and there are great differences between the distribution law; On the basis of the statistical results, combined with the specific experimental scene and the meaning of eye movement index, the visual search mode of the controller in radar control scene can be summarized as follows: in the gaze range of the subjects' visual search activities, The information density in the fixation region is high. Although the visual search speed of the subjects is average, it is easy to extract the required information, and there is not much need for in-depth attention. According to the simulated control scene, most of the subjects focus on the area below the screen and near the runway. Through the variance analysis of the above data, it can be found that the visual search pattern of the subjects has no obvious change with the change of the number of aircraft.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：V355.12
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本文编号：1883678