第三人撤销之诉的实证研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 18:24

本文选题：第三人撤销之诉 + 实证分析　；参考：《东南大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前我国经济进入新常态,经济在中高速发展的同时也带来诸多社会问题。例如近年来司法实践中出现当事人通过恶意诉讼等手段,侵害第三人合法权益的情况不断涌现。为了遏制此等现象,2012年民事诉讼法修改时在第56条第3款中新增第三人撤销之诉的规定。但是本款规定过于原则,缺乏实践的操作性。有鉴于此,最高人民法院于2015年初颁布《最高人民法院关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法)的解释》。该解释中专章对第三人撤销之诉进行进一步释明,有效解决了该制度在程序适用方面的问题,但对于实体构成要件方面的问题涉及甚少。本文基于实证分析角度,采用大数据模式进行统计并结合典型案例进行定性分析,在对第三人撤销之诉的构成要件及客体进行检讨后提出相关建议。本文创造性地提出实践中法院审理第三人撤销之诉的惯用模式并指出该模式存在的问题。本文还建设性地指出第三人提起撤销之诉应当有最长时限的限制以及对于适格原告应当作有限制的扩大解释,防止第三人滥用诉权。本文在结构上分为引言、正文、结语三部分,其中正文共计四章。以下为对正文部分概述。第一章采用大数据模式对第三人撤销之诉的司法实践现状进行定量分析。本章数据一部分来自中国裁判文书网,另一部分来自笔者选取的案例。在定量分析中发现第三人撤销之诉面临着总体案件数量较少、立案难、上诉率高等问题。第二章选取四则典型案例,找出这些案例所反映出的第三人撤销之诉在实践中仍存在的问题。如什么样的人才是第三人撤销之诉的适格原告、何谓诉的利益以及是否要防止第三人滥用诉讼权力、第三人撤销之诉是否真的能够有效遏制虚假诉讼以及该如何具体惩治虚假诉讼等。第三章针对前述问题对第三人撤销之诉进行检讨。主要检讨构成要件及客体。分析对第三人撤销之诉适格原告进行类型化的可能性以及法律规定的客体范围是否恰当。第四章基于前面的分析提出建议。主要是对本诉讼进行类型化、防止第三人滥用诉权、严格惩治虚假诉讼、建立诉讼推进制与要件审查相结合、构建诉讼告知制度等方面。
[Abstract]:At present our country economy enters the new normal, the economy develops at a high speed, also brings many social problems at the same time. For example, in the judicial practice in recent years, the party infringes the legitimate rights and interests of the third party by means of malicious litigation. In order to curb these phenomena, the Civil procedure Law was amended in 2012 to add a third party revocation action in article 56, paragraph 3. However, this provision is too principled and lacks practical maneuverability. In view of this, the Supreme people's Court promulgated the interpretation of the application of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China in early 2015. In this chapter, the third party's action of revocation is further explained, which effectively solves the problem of the application of the system in the procedure, but it involves very little in the aspect of the substantive elements. Based on the empirical analysis, this paper uses the big data model to carry out statistics and qualitative analysis combined with typical cases, and puts forward some relevant suggestions after reviewing the constituent elements and objects of the third party's revocation action. This paper creatively puts forward the customary mode of court hearing the third party's revocation in practice and points out the problems existing in this model. This paper also points out constructively that the third party should have the limitation of the longest time limit for the action of revocation, and that the qualified plaintiff should be given a limited and expanded interpretation to prevent the third party from abusing the right of action. This paper is divided into three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which there are four chapters. The following is an overview of the text. The first chapter uses big data mode to analyze the judicial practice of the third party's revocation. Some of the data in this chapter come from the China referee Letters Network, the other part comes from the case selected by the author. In the quantitative analysis, it is found that the third party is faced with the problems of small number of cases, difficult filing, high appeal rate and so on. In the second chapter, four typical cases are selected to find out the problems that exist in practice. If what kind of talent is the qualified plaintiff of the third party's action of revocation, what is the interest of the lawsuit and whether to prevent the third party from abusing its litigation power, Whether the third party's revocation action can effectively curb false litigation and how to punish false litigation. The third chapter reviews the action of the third party. The main review of the elements and objects. This paper analyzes the possibility of typology of the qualified plaintiff of the third party's revocation and whether the scope of the object stipulated by the law is appropriate. The fourth chapter puts forward suggestions based on the above analysis. It mainly types the lawsuit, prevents the third party from abusing the right of action, strictly punishes the false lawsuit, establishes the lawsuit advance system combined with the examination of the elements, and constructs the lawsuit informing system.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.1

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