基于健康信念模式普通民众生活行为方式影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-05-13 23:10

本文选题：慢性病 + 生活行为方式　；参考：《福建医科大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：研究目的:1.以健康信念模式为理论基础编制具有信、效度的普通民众健康信念及生活行为方式调查量表。2.通过编制的量表调查普通民众健康信念及生活行为方式的现状。3.探讨影响健康信念及生活行为方式的影响因素,以结构方程模型分析健康信念对行为方式的影响作用。研究方法:以健康信念模式为理论基础设计自填式问卷,采用方便抽样方法,利用网络平台进行在线匿名调查收集问卷。采用描述性统计方法分析调查人群的社会人口学特征、健康信念水平和生活行为方式状况;用多元逐步线性回归分析法,探讨调查人群的一般人口学特征与健康信念水平及生活行为方式的关系;Amos20.0绘制结构方程模型,定量化分析健康信念模式各维度之间相互作用以及健康信念对生活行为方式的作用大小及方式并用路径图将最终模型加以呈现。结果:1.本次调查获得有效问卷5332份。调查对象平均年龄39.81±10.43岁,88.0%的人年龄分布在24~54岁之间(N=4693),男女比例分别占到41.2%和58.8%。大部分已婚(80.8%),并且超过一半的参与者拥有大学以上学历(N=4144,77.7%),64.2%(N=3423)的人居住在城市,自报身体健康者占到69.2%(N=3689)。2.调查对象生活行为方式16个条目累计得分平均41.27±6.01分,得分率为64.48%,总体表现不良,且不良行为习惯存在聚集和共存现象。健康信念26个条目累计得分平均98.61±9.00分,得分率75.85%,总体水平有待提高。其中疾病的易感性认知3个条目累计得分平均12.58±1.90分,得分率83.86%。严重性认知5个条目累计得分平均20.88±3.31分,得分率83.52%。行为转变障碍认知7个条目累计得分平均19.52±5.28分,得分率55.77%。益处认知4个条目累计得分平均18.20±2.00,得分率91.0%。行动线索4个条目累计得分平均15.99±2.22分,得分率79.95%。自我效能上3个条目累计得分平均11.41±2.03分,得分率76.06%。3.多元线性回归分析显示年龄、性别、健康状况、退休状态、经济状况、独居状态、医保情况、学生身份是生活行为方式的影响因素;经济状况、受教育程度、年龄、身体状况、性别、农村人口、医保情况是个体健康信念水平的影响因素。4.结构方程分析结果显示:健康信念模式可解释健康行为总变异量的51.3%。对生活行为方式影响最大的是行为转变障碍(影响系数为-0.603),存在直接效应,并能通过对自我效能和行为线索的作用产生间接效应;其次是自我效能(影响系数为0.371)和行为益处(影响系数为0.273),均能产生积极作用;行动线索只能通过直接效应(影响系数为0.119)对生活行为方式产生影响。疾病易感性和疾病严重性认知对生活行为方式的影响作用是负向的,但影响较弱,影响系数分别为-0.158和-0.051。结论:1.本研究以健康信念模式为理论基础初步构建了普通民众健康信念及生活行为方式调查量表。通过对量表的信度和效度检验证明量表具有良好的信效度,保证调查结果的可靠性和准确性。2.调查人群生活行为方式现普遍不良,且不良行为习惯存在聚集和共存现象。必须加强健康宣教工作,全面干预,引导人们戒烟限酒,保持心理平衡、合理膳食、适量运动,预防慢性病的发生发展。3.健康信念意识有待加强,提高个体对疾病或健康问题威胁的警觉性,对疾病严重后果的足够认知,坚信良好行为带来的好处,帮助其正确看待和克服行为改变的困难,建立自信心,并指导具体的健康行为,促进健康。4.人们的生活行为方式受众多因素影响,健康信念意识起重要作用。在健康教育过程中,对于不同人口学特征的个体应做到因人而异,有所侧重,有所加强。研究目的:1.了解确诊高血压患者与非高血压人群疾病防治信念的基本情况。2.分析人群疾病防治信念的影响因素。3.探讨疾病状态对个体疾病防治信念的影响作用。研究方法:以“高血压治疗态度与信念评价量表(ATRABS)”,采用方便抽样方法,于社区卫生服务中心及医院对参与者进行面对面现场调查。采用描述性统计方法分析调查人群的社会人口学特征、高血压防治信念水平;用多元逐步线性回归分析人群的疾病防治信念影响因素。结果:1.共获得有效问卷457份。调查对象平均年龄61.58±14.11岁,男女比例分别占到38.1%和61.9%,其中确诊高血压者310名,非高血压者147名。2.调查对象高血压防治信念21个条目累计得分平均77.52±15.59分,得分率为73.8%,总体态度介于“意见不明确”与“同意”之间,水平有待提高。其中确诊高血压者信念得分79.00±16.58,非高血压者信念得分74.33±12.71。3.多元线性回归分析显示疾病状态(β=0.188,P0.001)、文化程度(β=0.138,P0.01)和退休状态(β=0.132,P0.01)是人群疾病防治信念的影响因素。结论:1.调查对象高血压疾病防治信念水平普遍不高,无论是高血压组还是非高血压组,这种意识的相对欠缺将对疾病的预防和治疗带来不利。2.不同人口学特征个体疾病防治信念不同,健康教育的基础在于提高群体的文化教育水平。3.确诊高血压患者的疾病防治信念高于非高血压人群,提示高血压患者发病后才更关注自身健康,更了解疾病,但这种意识的提高往往没有质的改变且相对滞后,早期引导人群进行自我健康和疾病管理是必要的。
[Abstract]:Objective: 1. based on the health belief model as the theoretical basis, a questionnaire on health belief and life behavior of ordinary people with confidence and validity was compiled by.2. to investigate the influence factors of health beliefs and living behavior patterns through the.3. survey of the health beliefs and living behavior patterns of ordinary people. The structure Fang Chengmo Analysis of the influence of health belief on the behavior pattern. Research methods: the self-filled questionnaire was designed based on the health belief model, and the convenience sampling method was used to collect the questionnaire online anonymously. The demographic characteristics of the population, the level of health belief and life were analyzed by descriptive statistics. The relationship between the general demographic characteristics of the population and the level of health belief and the way of life and behavior was explored by multiple stepwise linear regression analysis. Amos20.0 was used to draw a structural equation model to quantify the interaction between the various dimensions of the health belief model and the effect of health belief on the way of life and behavior. The results were as follows: 1. questionnaires were obtained in 5332. The average age of the survey was 39.81 + 10.43 years. The age of 88% of the respondents was between 24~54 years (N=4693), and the proportion of men and women accounted for 41.2% and most of the 58.8%. were married (80.8%), and more than half of the participants owned universities. In N=4144,77.7%, 64.2% (N=3423) people live in the city, and 69.2% (N=3689).2. respondents live in the city. The cumulative score of 16 entries is 41.27 + 6.01 points, the score rate is 64.48%, the overall performance is bad, and the bad behavior habits are congregated and coexisted. 26 items of health belief score the cumulative score. The average score was 98.61 + 9 points, with a scoring rate of 75.85%, and the overall level needed to be improved. Among the 3 entries, the cumulative score of the susceptibility cognition of the disease was 12.58 + 1.90 points, the cumulative score of the score rate 83.86%. serious cognition 5 entries averaged 20.88 + 3.31 points, and the score rate of the behavioral transformation obstacle recognized that the cumulative scores of 7 items of 7 items were 19.52 + 5.28 points. The cumulative score of the 4 items of 55.77%. benefits was 18.20 + 2, the cumulative score of the scoring rate 91.0%. action clues was 15.99 + 2.22 points, the cumulative score of the score rate 79.95%. self-efficacy was 11.41 + 2.03 points, and the score rate 76.06%.3. multivariate linear regression analysis showed that age, sex, health status, retirement state, and Economic conditions, education, age, physical condition, sex, rural population, and medical insurance are the factors affecting the level of individual health belief.4. structural equation analysis shows that health belief model can explain 51. of the total variation of health behavior. 3%. has the greatest impact on the lifestyle behavior disorder (the impact coefficient is -0.603), which has a direct effect, and can have indirect effects on the role of self efficacy and behavioral clues, and the second is the self efficacy (the coefficient of impact 0.371) and the behavioral benefits (the influence coefficient is 0.273), all of which can produce positive effects; action clues can only be found. The effect of direct effect (influence coefficient is 0.119) on life behavior mode. The effect of disease susceptibility and disease severity cognition on life behavior mode is negative, but the influence coefficient is -0.158 and -0.051. conclusion respectively: the 1. study based on the health belief model as the theoretical basis, initially constructed the general public health. The reliability and validity of the scale proved to have good reliability and validity through the test of the reliability and validity of the scale. The reliability and accuracy of the survey results are guaranteed and the.2. survey of people's living behavior is generally bad, and there is a phenomenon of accumulation and co existence of bad behavior habits. To guide people to stop smoking and limit alcohol, maintain psychological balance, reasonable diet, moderate exercise, and prevent the development of chronic diseases, the.3. health belief consciousness needs to be strengthened, the vigilance of the individual to the threat of disease or health problems, the sufficient cognition of the serious consequences of the disease, the benefits brought by Jian Xinliang's good behavior, and helping them to treat and overcome their actions correctly. In order to change the difficulties, establish self-confidence, and guide the specific health behavior, promote healthy.4. people's life behavior way audience influence, health belief consciousness plays an important role. In the course of health education, individuals with different demographic characteristics should be different, focused, and strengthened. Research purpose: 1. understand Basic situation of disease prevention and control belief in hypertensive patients and non hypertensive people.2. analysis of influence factors on the belief of disease prevention and control in the crowd.3. to explore the influence of disease status on the belief of individual disease prevention and treatment. The service center and the hospital conducted a face-to-face field survey on the participants. The demographic characteristics of the population were analyzed by descriptive statistics, the level of the belief in hypertension prevention and control, and the factors affecting the prevention and control of the disease were analyzed by multiple stepwise linear regression. The results were as follows: 1. a total of 457 valid questionnaires were obtained. The average age of the survey was 61.58. The proportion of men and women accounted for 38.1% and 61.9%, of which 310 were diagnosed with hypertension, and 147.2. subjects in non hypertensive subjects had a cumulative average of 77.52 + 15.59 points, with a scoring rate of 73.8%. The overall attitude was between "undefined opinion" and "consent", and the level was to be improved. Among them, high blood was diagnosed. The score of pressure person's belief was 79 + 16.58, the score of non hypertensive person's belief score was 74.33 + 12.71.3. multivariate linear regression analysis showed disease state (beta =0.188, P0.001), educational level (beta =0.138, P0.01) and retirement state (beta =0.132, P0.01) were the factors affecting the belief of disease prevention and control in the crowd. Conclusion: 1. subjects were generally not in the level of prevention and control of hypertension. High, whether in high blood pressure group or non hypertensive group, the relative lack of consciousness will bring disadvantageous.2. to the prevention and treatment of disease and the belief of individual disease prevention and control with different demography characteristics. The basis of health education is to improve the level of culture and education of the group.3. to confirm the belief of disease prevention and control of hypertension patients higher than that of non hypertensive people. It is suggested that the hypertension patients pay more attention to their own health and know more about the disease, but the improvement of the consciousness is often without qualitative change and relatively lagging. It is necessary to guide the people to carry out self-health and disease management at early stage.

【学位授予单位】：福建医科大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：R193

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