企业家特征对中小企业国际化水平的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 12:11

本文选题：企业家特征 + 国际化深度　；参考：《南京师范大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：传统的国际化理论认为企业规模是该企业国际化的重要因素,且企业在走出去的过程中一般遵循无规则出口、出口代理、建立海外销售子公司、直接对外投资的统一发展模式。此外,由于心理距离、制度距离、地理距离等因素约束,诸多企业在走出去的过程中,往往先选择文化、经济环境、政治环境、地理位置接近的国外市场,而后依次扩散到距离较远或差异较大的地区。但随着市场环境的改变,越来越多的中小企业在创立之初就选择进入国际化市场,因此出现了“天生全球化”、“瞬间国际化”和“国际新投机企业”。这些企业在并没有传统意义上的规模优势,甚至缺乏先进知识、技术优势的前提下,打破常规,提前进入国际市场,因此该现象引起了国内外学者的广泛关注。中小企业进入国际化市场,意味着要在新市场环境中参与竞争,因此有学者认为中小企业的国际化实际上是一种特殊的创新行为,而创新是企业家与普通管理者间最大的区别。众所周知,因中小企业规模较小、组织结构简单、运营机制灵活等特征给企业家能力的发挥提供了更为广阔的空间,因此企业家在中小企业的营运中,相对于大企业来说,发挥着举足轻重的作用。而企业家的能力是由其本身的特点决定的,因此本文选取了企业家特征为自变量,研究其对中国中小企业国际化水平的影响。国内学者目前多采用企业家网络理论、高阶理论和资源基础论等,来解释企业家特征与企业国际化的关系,但存在诸多问题。首先,哪些企业家特征对企业的国际化行为产生了影响,学者们因出发观点不同而众说纷纭；其次,学者们采用的理论过于陈旧、且结论各异；最后,国内学者的研究多倾向于发达国家或我国的大型上市公司,而中小企业企业家特征与企业国际化间关系的实证研究还是一块空白。因此,本文立足于已有的国际化理论研究,以中国中小企业板块的上市公司为研究对象,并以中小企业国际化的广度和深度为因变量,通过企业家资本理论、高阶理论、现代管家理论,详细阐释了企业家特征对中小企业国际化水平的影响,并为中小企业的国际化发展提出了相关意见和建议。本文主要围绕以下几个部分进行阐述：首先,对企业家理论、中小企业国际化理论以及中小企业国际化的影响因素等方面进行理论研究,找出了现有理论研究的不足。其次,在三大理论的基础上,提出了企业家特征对中小企业国际化水平的潜在影响。最后,通过对深市中小企业企业家特征和企业国际化深度、广度的统计,运用多元线性回归分析方法,证明企业家特征对中小企业国际化水平所产生的影响。基于以上实证研究,本文得出了以下相关结论：(1)人口统计特征因素：中小企业家的国际化经验对该企业的国际化水平有显著的正向影响,即具有丰富国际化经验的企业家能够促进企业拓展更多的海外市场,并在对外直接投资过程中设立更多子公司；中小企业家的教育水平对该企业的国际化水平有正向影响,且效果显著,也就是说高文凭或者高学历的企业家,能更加有效的促进企业国际化战略的实施；中小企业家的年龄对该企业国际化水平有负向影响,但效果并不显著,证明了年龄对企业国际化战略的实施影响并不大；中小企业家的任期对企业国际化战略的实施有显著的促进作用,即任期越长,越有利于国际化广度的提高,但对国际化深度的影响并不明显；实证研究证明女性企业家在企业国际化的过程中,对海外市场的拓展有更显著的正向影响。(2)智力因素：当中小企业家同时兼任董事长和总经理时,更有利于国际化战略的落实和实施,对国际化水平有显著的正向影响。(3)政治因素：中小企业家的政治关联对企业国际化的战略实施有不显著的负向影响,也即企业家在国内的政治资源对其海外市场的拓展产生了不利影响。最后,本文对实证研究的结果进行了进一步分析和讨论,并提出相关建议。为了进一步拓展中小企业的国际化市场,企业家可以通过增加国际化经验、提高教育水平、延长任期、兼任总经理等方式提高企业家资本,进而促进中小企业国际化战略的实施。
[Abstract]:The traditional internationalization theory holds that the enterprise scale is an important factor in the internationalization of the enterprise. In the process of going out, the enterprises generally follow the irregular export, export agency, the establishment of overseas sales subsidiaries, and the unified development model of direct foreign investment. In addition, many enterprises are constrained by factors such as psychological distance, institutional distance, geographical distance and so on. In the process of going out, the industry often chooses the foreign market which is close to the culture, the economic environment, the political environment and the geographical location, and then spread to the far distance or different regions. But with the change of the market environment, more and more small and medium-sized enterprises have chosen to enter the international market at the beginning of their founding. This phenomenon has aroused widespread concern at home and abroad. Therefore, small and medium enterprises enter the international market. In order to compete in the new market environment, some scholars believe that the internationalization of small and medium-sized enterprises is actually a special kind of innovation, and innovation is the biggest difference between entrepreneurs and ordinary managers. It is well known that the characteristics of small and medium-sized enterprises, simple organization structure, flexible operating mechanism and other characteristics give entrepreneurs ability. The entrepreneur plays an important role in the operation of small and medium enterprises relative to the large enterprises, and the entrepreneur's ability is determined by its own characteristics. Therefore, this article selects the entrepreneur as its independent variable and studies its influence on the internationalization level of China's small and medium enterprises. At present, scholars have adopted the theory of entrepreneurial network, higher order theory and resource based theory to explain the relationship between entrepreneurial characteristics and enterprise internationalization, but there are many problems. First, the characteristics of entrepreneurs have an impact on the international behavior of the enterprise. Scholars have different opinions because of different starting points. Secondly, scholars have adopted the theory. The theory is too old, and the conclusion is different. Finally, the research of domestic scholars is mostly inclined to the large listed companies in developed countries or in our country, and the empirical research on the relationship between entrepreneur characteristics and enterprise internationalization is still blank. Therefore, this paper is based on the existing international theoretical research and the listing of small and medium-sized enterprises in China. The company, taking the breadth and depth of the internationalization of small and medium enterprises as the dependent variable, explains in detail the influence of entrepreneur characteristics on the internationalization level of SMEs through the entrepreneur capital theory, high order theory and modern stewardship theory, and puts forward some suggestions and suggestions for the internationalization of SMEs. The following parts are expounded: first, the theoretical research on the entrepreneur theory, the internationalization theory of small and medium enterprises and the influencing factors of the internationalization of small and medium enterprises is carried out to find out the shortcomings of the existing theoretical research. Secondly, on the basis of the three theories, the potential impact of entrepreneur characteristics on the internationalization level of small and medium-sized enterprises is put forward. Then, through the analysis of the characteristics of entrepreneurs and the depth and breadth of enterprise internationalization in Shenzhen, this paper uses multiple linear regression analysis to prove the impact of entrepreneurial characteristics on the internationalization level of small and medium-sized enterprises. Based on the above empirical research, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) demographic characteristics: small and medium enterprises The international experience of the family has a significant positive impact on the enterprise's international level. That is, entrepreneurs with rich international experience can promote more overseas markets and set up more subsidiaries in the process of foreign direct investment, and the education level of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs has a positive impact on the internationalization level of the enterprise. And the effect is significant, that is to say that high diploma or high diploma entrepreneurs can more effectively promote the implementation of the enterprise internationalization strategy; the age of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs has a negative impact on the level of the enterprise internationalization, but the effect is not significant. It proves that the effect of age on the implementation of the enterprise internationalization strategy is not significant; the small and medium entrepreneurs are appointed. The period has a significant role in promoting the implementation of the enterprise internationalization strategy, that is, the longer the term is, the more beneficial to the international breadth, but the impact on the internationalization depth is not obvious. The empirical study shows that women entrepreneurs have a more significant positive impact on the expansion of overseas markets in the process of enterprise internationalization. (2) intellectual factors: When the small entrepreneurs are both chairmen and general managers, they are more conducive to the implementation and implementation of the international strategy and have a significant positive impact on the level of internationalization. (3) political factors: the political connections of small and medium-sized entrepreneurs have no significant negative impact on the strategic implementation of the enterprise internationalization, that is, the political resources of the entrepreneurs are overseas. In the end, the results of the empirical study are further analyzed and discussed, and some suggestions are put forward. In order to further expand the international market of small and medium-sized enterprises, entrepreneurs can improve the Entrepreneurial Capital by increasing the international experience, raising the level of education, extending the term of office and serving as general manager. This will further promote the implementation of the internationalization strategy of small and medium-sized enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F276.3;F272.3

【相似文献】