汽轮发电机碳刷长度及集电环温度监测系统

发布时间：2018-05-27 12:10

本文选题：碳刷长度 + 集电环温度　；参考：《哈尔滨理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：对于汽轮发电机而言,碳刷和集电环是其励磁环节的重要组成部分,其工作状况直接关系到发电机的正常运行。目前针对励磁环节的监测主要集中在励磁电流方面,但统计显示由碳刷原因造成的故障也占据一定比例。本文在充分分析现有相关技术和满足发电厂安全、经济生产的基础上,提出了一种监测碳刷长度和集电环温度的方法,并设计具体的工程实现方案。大型汽轮发电机具有励磁电流大、碳刷数目多、干扰源较多等特点,为能顺利实现对碳刷长度的监测,首先,需要分析、计算励磁碳刷周围空间磁场的分布情况,判断选定的霍尔传感器能否在该环境中正常工作;其次,面对碳刷数目较多、传统通信连接线数量较多的问题,选用AS-i总线技术,达到减少通信线路、简化系统硬件电路的目的;再次,进行监测系统通信模型的搭建,重点分析发送端和接收端的功能,并对搭建的模型进行仿真运行,将所得结果与理论结果进行对比,证明该设计能够正常工作,具有可行性;最后,根据选定的系统技术方案进行监测系统硬件电路的详细设计,主要设计了主站、长度从站和温度从站等硬件电路,并对重要元件的作用进行详细说明,对一些元件参数值的选取给出计算、分析过程,同时为拓展系统的应用范围,使得系统能够连接输出为模拟量的传感器,在温度从站中增加AD转换模块。在完成硬件电路设计后,进行监测系统各部分程序的编写,采用自顶向下的设计理念,详细说明各个模块的程序流程图,并进行仿真以验证程序的正确性。最后,根据设计的硬件电路原理图进行实物制作,通过增添必要的实验设备进行实验平台的搭建,并以实验平台为基础测试监测系统的各项功能。本文设计的汽轮发电机碳刷长度及集电环温度监测系统,经过理论分析、器件选型、硬件电路制作和程序编写运行等流程,基本实现了设计目标,能够实时监测发电机碳刷长度状态和集电环温度值。
[Abstract]:For turbogenerator, carbon brush and collector ring are the important part of excitation link, and its working condition is directly related to the normal operation of generator. At present, the monitoring of excitation is mainly focused on the excitation current, but the statistics show that the fault caused by the carbon brush also occupies a certain proportion. On the basis of fully analyzing the existing relevant technologies and satisfying the safety and economic production of power plants, this paper puts forward a method to monitor the length of carbon brush and the temperature of collector ring, and designs a concrete project implementation scheme. Large turbogenerator has the characteristics of large excitation current, large number of carbon brushes and many interference sources. In order to realize the monitoring of carbon brush length smoothly, first of all, it is necessary to analyze and calculate the distribution of magnetic field around the excitation carbon brush. To determine whether the selected Hall sensor can work normally in this environment. Secondly, in the face of the problem of large number of carbon brushes and a large number of traditional communication connectors, AS-i bus technology is used to reduce the communication lines. The purpose of simplifying the hardware circuit of the system; thirdly, the communication model of the monitoring system is built, the functions of the transmitter and receiver are analyzed, the simulation of the model is carried out, and the results are compared with the theoretical results. It is proved that the design can work normally and is feasible. Finally, according to the selected system technical scheme, the hardware circuit of the monitoring system is designed in detail, such as the master station, the length slave station and the temperature slave station. The function of the important components is explained in detail, and the calculation and analysis of the selection of some component parameters are given. At the same time, in order to expand the scope of application of the system, the system can connect the sensor with analog output. Add AD conversion module to the temperature slave station. After the hardware circuit design is completed, the program of each part of the monitoring system is compiled, the program flow chart of each module is explained in detail by adopting the top-down design concept, and the correctness of the program is verified by simulation. Finally, according to the schematic diagram of the hardware circuit, the hardware circuit is designed to build the experimental platform by adding the necessary experimental equipment, and the functions of the monitoring system are tested on the basis of the experimental platform. The length of carbon brush and temperature monitoring system of collector ring are designed in this paper. After theoretical analysis, device selection, hardware circuit manufacture and program operation, the design goal is basically realized. It can monitor generator carbon brush length and collector ring temperature in real time.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TM311

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