提升中国装备制造业全球价值链地位问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 00:01

本文选题：装备制造业 + 全球价值链　；参考：《东北财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前,世界经济和全球贸易逐渐从危机中复苏,但复苏进程缓慢,国际市场需求仍然低迷,中国装备制造业面临着复杂多变的经贸环境。不利的方面是发达国家纷纷实施"再工业化"战略,发展中国家积极融入全球价值链生产,致使中国装备产品出口受到来自发达国家和发展中国家的"双向挤压",而且随着我国人口红利逐渐丧失,装备企业生产经营成本增加;有利的方面是随着国内支持政策和"一带一路"战略的实施,国内市场需求逐渐释放,"一带一路"沿线国家市场需求潜力巨大,这为中国装备制造业发展带来新的机遇。从全球价值链视角看,欧美等发达国家掌握着装备制造业的先进技术并利用其技术优势实现对其他国家的技术垄断和控制,在装备制造业国际分工中处于全球价值链高端。我国从组装加工起步嵌入到全球产业链体系并逐渐向价值链高端攀升,但当前的中国装备制造业亟需实现产业转型升级,还存在核心竞争力不足、世界级装备制造企业缺乏、围绕大型骨干企业的中小企业集群未形成、研发利用率不高等问题,这种状态既影响着企业的贸易收益水平,又在人口红利逐渐消失的背景下使得我国装备制造业出口面临许多不确定性。如何进一步提升我国装备制造业技术水平,增强装备产品核心竞争力,向全球价值链更高层级攀升,既是企业亟需解决的问题也是政府应当高度重视的问题。本文研究如何有效度量我国装备产品的技术水平,准确认识我国装备制造业在全球价值链的位置,寻找提升中国装备制造业全球价值链地位的因素。这些问题对进一步扩大我国装备制造业出口规模,提高出口品质量,提升我国装备制造业全球价值链地位,分享更多价值链收益有重要意义。要实现我国装备制造业价值链地位的提升,首要问题是对我国装备制造业在全球价值链地位及其变化趋势和影响因素有较为准确的认识和判断。因此,本文的主要内容如下:第一、二章分别为绪论和理论基础。第三章选择出口复杂度作为全球价值链地位的度量指标,在描述我国装备制造业发展现状及贸易特征的基础上,利用联合国贸易统计数据库提供的《标准国际贸易分类》SITC(rev3.0)三位码贸易数据,测算2001-2014年我国装备制造业七个子行业的出口复杂度并与同期美国、德国、日本装备制造业出口复杂度进行对比分析。研究发现:我国装备制造业子行业的出口复杂度整体呈上升趋势,说明我国装备制造业转型升级取得一定成效。从具体行业来看,通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业、仪器仪表及文化、办公用机械制造业的出口复杂度水平提升很快,与发达国家基本处于同一水平;通用设备制造业、交通运输设备制造业、电气机械及器材制造业的出口复杂度不断提高,与发达国家的差距不断缩小;金属制品业的出口复杂度虽然不断提高,但仍落后于发达国家,与他们之间的差距随着时间的推移不断增大;专用设备制造业的出口复杂度波动变化,该行业2014年的出口复杂度水平较2001年有所下降,与发达国家之间的差距越来越大。第四章从"成本发现"模型出发,参考经济学理论以及国内外学者研究成果,定性分析要素禀赋(物质资本密集度)、技术(人力资本和研发资金投入)、外商直接投资、制度(政府支持程度)、进口对全球价值链地位的影响机制。利用2001-2014年我国装备制造业分行业数据,实证分析这些因素的影响力度,回归结果显示:物质资本密集度、人力资本、研发资金投入、进口对我国装备制造业价值链地位有显著正向影响,外商直接投资的作用为负,政府支持程度的作用不显著。第五章根据本文研究结果提出相关建议:学习德国双轨制教育,培养人力资本;增加对私营企业的研发资金支持,提高企业的研发效率;借助"一带一路",鼓励私营企业出口;加强与外资企业的联系,发挥FDI的积极效应。本文可能的创新点在于:现有文献的研究对象主要集中在制造业、高技术产业以及金属制品业,本文专注研究装备制造业。装备制造业是为国民经济各行业提供技术装备的战略性产业,它是制造业的核心组成部分,对国民经济增长有重要推动作用。出口复杂度为研究一国或行业价值链地位提供了一个全新的分析方法,得到国内外学者的广泛关注,但现有文献对影响机制的定性分析还相对较少,本文立足于经济学理论以及国内外研究成果,定性分析主要因素对我国装备制造业价值链地位的影响机制并进行回归分析,丰富对出口复杂度的经验研究。因此,本文是对中国内部产业层面价值链地位的研究做补充,拓宽此领域的研究范围,同时为提升中国装备制造业价值链地位提出针对性建议。本文的不足之处在于:鉴于使用SITC五位码贸易数据的计算量太大,本文使用SIT(三位码贸易数据。此外,本文的实证研究由于行业截面偏小导致整体数据不充足,同时某些影响因素的数据不可获得,实证研究可能会遗漏这些变量。
[Abstract]:At present, the world economy and Global trade are gradually recovering from the crisis, but the process of recovery is slow, the demand for international markets is still low, the equipment manufacturing industry in China is facing a complex and changeable economic and trade environment. Preparation of exports from developed and developing countries' two-way squeeze, but with China's demographic dividend gradually lost, equipment production and operation costs increase; the advantageous aspect is with the implementation of domestic support policy and "The Belt and Road" strategy, the domestic market demand is gradually released, "The Belt and Road along the country market demand The great potential has brought new opportunities for the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry. From the perspective of global value chain, developed countries such as Europe and America have mastered advanced technology of equipment manufacturing industry and use their technical advantages to realize technical monopoly and control of other countries, and are at the high end of global value chain in the international division of equipment manufacturing industry. The process of processing is embedded into the global industrial chain system and is gradually rising to the high end of the value chain. However, the current China equipment manufacturing industry needs to realize the upgrading of the industrial transformation, the lack of core competitiveness, the lack of world-class equipment manufacturing enterprises, the small and medium-sized enterprise cluster around large backbone enterprises, and the low R & D utilization rate. The state not only affects the level of the trade income of the enterprise, but also makes the export of the equipment manufacturing industry in our country face many uncertainties under the background of the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend. How to further improve the technical level of the equipment manufacturing industry in China, enhance the core competitiveness of the equipment products and higher level of the global value chain, is an urgent need for enterprises to solve. The problem is also a problem that the government should attach great importance to. This paper studies how to effectively measure the technical level of the equipment products in China, accurately understand the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain in China, and find the factors to improve the status of the global value chain of the equipment manufacturing industry in China. These problems will further expand the scale of the export of our equipment manufacturing industry. It is of great significance to improve the quality of export goods, enhance the status of the global value chain of our equipment manufacturing industry and share more value chain benefits. To achieve the promotion of the value chain status of the equipment manufacturing industry in China, the first question is to have a more accurate understanding and judgement on the position of the equipment manufacturing industry in the global value chain and its trend of change and influence factors in our equipment manufacturing industry. Therefore, the main contents of this paper are as follows: the first, second chapter is the introduction and the theoretical basis. The third chapter selects the export complexity as a measure of the status of the global value chain. On the basis of describing the development status and trade characteristics of the equipment manufacturing industry in China, the standard International Trade Classification >SITC (R) is provided by the United Nations Trade Statistics database. Ev3.0) three bit code trade data, calculate the export complexity of the seven sub industries in the equipment manufacturing industry of China for 2001-2014 years and compare with the export complexity of the United States, Germany and Japan equipment manufacturing industry in the same period. The research shows that the export complexity of the equipment manufacturing industry in China is on the rise, indicating the transformation of the equipment manufacturing industry in China. From the specific industry, the export complexity of communications equipment, computers and other electronic equipment manufacturing, instruments and culture, and the export complexity of the office machinery manufacturing industry has been improved rapidly, basically at the same level as the developed countries; general equipment manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing, electrical machinery and equipment system The export complexity of the manufacturing industry is increasing and the gap between the developed countries and the developed countries is narrowing. Although the export complexity of the metalwork industry continues to increase, the gap between the developed countries is still lagging behind the developed countries. The gap between them is increasing with time; the export complexity of the special equipment manufacturing industry is fluctuating, and the export complexity of the industry in 2014 is more complex. Compared with the developed countries, the gap between the 2001 and the developed countries is becoming more and more large. The fourth chapter, from the "cost discovery" model, refers to the economic theory and the domestic and foreign scholars' research results, and qualitative analysis of factor endowment (material capital density), technology (Human capital and R & D capital input), foreign direct investment, system (government support process) The impact mechanism of import on the status of global value chain. Using the data of China's equipment manufacturing industry for 2001-2014 years, the impact strength of these factors is analyzed. The regression results show that material capital intensity, human capital, R & D capital input, and import have significant positive impact on the position of the value chain of China's manufacturing industry. The role of investment is negative, and the role of government support is not significant. The fifth chapter puts forward relevant suggestions according to the results of this study: learning German double track education, cultivating human capital, increasing the support for research and development funds for private enterprises, improving the efficiency of R & D of enterprises, encouraging the export of private enterprises with the help of "one way and one way", and strengthening the foreign-funded enterprises. The possible innovation points of this article are: the research objects of the existing literature are mainly concentrated in the manufacturing industry, the high-tech industry and the metal products industry. This article focuses on the research of the equipment manufacturing industry. The equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry for providing technical equipment for all sectors of the national economy. It is the core component of the manufacturing industry. It has an important role in promoting the growth of national economy. Export complexity provides a new analytical method for the study of the status of a country or industry value chain, which is widely concerned by scholars both at home and abroad. However, the qualitative analysis of the impact mechanism of the existing literature is relatively small. The influence mechanism of the main factors on the value chain status of the equipment manufacturing industry in China is analyzed and the empirical study of the export complexity is enriched. Therefore, this article is a supplement to the research on the status of the value chain in China's internal industrial level, widening the scope of the research in this field, and raising the position of the value chain of the equipment manufacturing industry in China. The disadvantage of this paper is that in view of the large amount of SITC five bit code trade data, this paper uses the SIT (three bit code trade data). In addition, the empirical research in this paper is not sufficient for the overall data due to the small section of the industry, and the data of some influencing factors are not available, and the empirical study may omit this. Some variables.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F426

【参考文献】