电石法PVC生产中高沸物的回收利用

发布时间：2018-06-08 16:55

  本文选题：氯乙烯合成 + 高沸物　； 参考：《北京化工大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在氯化氢与乙炔的合成反应中,因有机反应的特性,除生成氯乙烯外,还生成二氯乙烷等,相对于氯乙烯沸点较高的物质,通过氯乙烯精馏塔,进行分离后的重组分统称为“高沸物”,在原有的工艺设计中,“高沸物”通常作为一种工业副产品出售给有危废物处理资质的厂家,再通过其进一步的生产加工回收利用。随着国家对危废物和环保要求越来越高,企业对循环经济、清洁工厂的要求不断提高,化工厂生产过程中的各种废弃资源也得以循环利用。“高沸物”这种极具再利用价值的工业副产品也得到充分利用。“高沸物”的组成主要以二氯乙烷和氯乙烯为主,其中二氯乙烷含量为40-50%左右,氯乙烯含量在50-60%左右。二氯乙烷对于涂料、纺织等行业是一种很好的工业溶剂,具有很高的商业用途潜质,氯乙烯是生产各种聚氯乙烯树脂的原始材料。以上两者都具有很高的实用经济价值。所以“高沸物”的提纯项目,其经济效益和环保环境效益均十分抢眼,也受到国家推崇奖励。中泰化学现有两个聚氯乙烯生产厂区,年产“高沸物”4000吨左右。通过对“高沸物”连续的质量监测,统计出各厂区“高沸物”的组成情况和产量情况。并收集与提纯设计有关的设备参数和工艺参数。最终通过模拟计算,在选用DN16金属鲍尔环作为填料的前提下,确定精馏塔直径500mm,填料高度8米,等效塔板高度0.4米,理论塔板数20层,塔顶冷凝温度控制在10.21℃,塔底再沸器控制在75.74℃,进料速度913.24kg/h,进料位置距离塔顶5.6米,操作压力3.5atm。通过运行后不断的优化操作流程及参数,前期分离出的二氯乙烷较为清澈,后期颜色偏黄偏绿,但是成份并未发生变化,同时分离塔的上下阻力有开车初期的6KPa,上涨至125KPa,分析为分离塔填料堵塞,后根据生产周期及产品质量调整需要,定期更换堵塞填料。实现装置的长久平稳运行。根据分析实验结果,塔顶氯乙烯采出纯度在95%左右,塔底二氯乙烷采出纯度在85-92%之间。符合现有装置生产中对高沸物处理能力的需求。
[Abstract]:In the synthesis of hydrogen chloride and acetylene, due to the characteristics of organic reaction, in addition to the formation of vinyl chloride, but also the formation of dichloroethane, relative to the higher boiling point of vinyl chloride substances, through the vinyl chloride distillation column, The recombination after separation is called "high boiling matter". In the original process design, the "high boiling matter" is usually sold as a kind of industrial by-product to the factory with hazardous waste treatment qualification, and then through its further production processing and recycling. With the higher and higher requirements of hazardous waste and environmental protection, enterprises' requirements for recycling economy and clean factories have been raised, and all kinds of waste resources in the production process of chemical plants have also been recycled. High boiling matter, an industrial byproduct of great reuse value, has also been fully utilized. The composition of "high boiling compound" is mainly composed of dichloroethane and vinyl chloride, in which the content of dichloroethane is about 40-50%, and the content of vinyl chloride is about 50-60%. Dichloroethane is a good industrial solvent for coating, textile and other industries, and has high commercial potential. Vinyl chloride is the raw material for the production of various PVC resins. Both of the above have high practical economic value. Therefore, the purification project of "high boiling matter", its economic benefits and environmental protection benefits are very eye-catching, also praised by the state award. Sino-Thai chemical existing two PVC production plant, annual production of "high boiling matter" about 4000 tons. Through continuous quality monitoring of "high boiling matter", the composition and output of "high boiling matter" in each factory area are calculated. And collect the equipment parameters and process parameters related to the purification design. Finally, on the premise of selecting DN16 metal Bauer ring as filler, the diameter of distillation tower is 500mm, the height of packing is 8 meters, the height of equivalent tray is 0.4 meters, the number of theoretical trays is 20 layers, and the condensation temperature of top tower is controlled at 10.21 鈩，

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