架空线路雷击高频暂态行波辨识与监测研究

发布时间：2018-06-19 01:32

本文选题：雷电监测 + 行波电流　；参考：《华中科技大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近几十年来,我国国民经济持续高速发展,对电能的需求呈几何方式增长。供电可靠性的要求也不断提高,如何降低输电线路停电概率,缩短停电时间成为电网面临的巨大挑战。运行经验表明:雷电已成为造成架空输电线路跳闸故障的首要危害因素,探寻有效降低雷击线路跳闸防护方法仍是研究的热点。我国雷电防护技术经过几十年的发展,实现了高效化、经济化、精细化的升级和转变,但仍然面临着一些技术难题。早期的雷电参数主要来自于气象部门,受监测手段的限制,仅能用雷暴日或雷电小时数去描述其雷电活动的频繁程度。鉴于此,武汉高压研究院在2007年建成了全国雷电定位系统,可以准确获取不同区段输电线路走廊内的地闪密度,统计精度较高,但存在数百米的定位误差,其无法辨识雷电击中的具体位置(避雷线、导线或是线路旁边的大地)。目前,输电线路雷电防护主要依据线路走廊落雷数据进行近似评估,防护效果不理想,因此如何获得准确的线路本体雷击数据成为雷电防护的难点和关键点,本课题开展了输电线路本体雷击监测和雷击类型辨识研究,获得更加科学的基础数据,攻克制约防护效果不理想的技术瓶颈,对电力系统安全运行具有重要的工程实际意义。本课题开展研究的主要工作包括:首先,研究了雷电、输电线路、杆塔和绝缘的模型,建立了雷击避雷线、杆塔和导线等不同雷击类型的ATP/EMPT仿真模型,提出了不同雷击类型特征。其次,基于不同雷击类型特征,提出了基于S变换的雷击类型辨识方法。然后,介绍Rogowski线圈工作原理,对其低频失真现象进行仿真研究,设计积分补偿硬件电路,实验结果表明该电路有效解决低频失真问题;根据电磁耦合取能原理,提出了高电位耦合取能+锂电池供电方式,并设计了充电管理和保护电路,实验证明耦合取能最小启动电流可低至20A;设计FPGA数据采集和GPRS数据传输方案,提出了一种通信冗余方案,解决了数据拥堵、丢失等问题。最后,对工程应用效果进行分析,证明输电线路本体雷击分布规律与雷击跳闸杆塔具有密切的关联性,对防雷评估具有重要的指导意义。
[Abstract]:In recent decades, the national economy of our country continues to develop at a high speed, and the demand for electric energy increases in a geometric way. The requirement of power supply reliability is also increasing. How to reduce the probability of power outage and shorten the time of power outage has become a great challenge to the power grid. The operation experience shows that lightning has become the primary hazard factor of overhead transmission line tripping fault, and it is still a hot research topic to explore effective protection methods to reduce lightning strike line tripping. After decades of development, China's lightning protection technology has been upgraded and transformed with high efficiency, economy and refinement, but it still faces some technical problems. The early lightning parameters mainly come from the meteorological department. Limited by monitoring means, the lightning frequency can only be described by the number of thunderstorm days or lightning hours. In view of this, Wuhan High Voltage Research Institute built a national lightning location system in 2007, which can accurately obtain the ground flicker density in different sections of transmission line corridors. The statistical accuracy is relatively high, but there is a positioning error of several hundred meters. It can not identify the specific location of lightning strike (lightning line, wire, or the ground next to the line. At present, the lightning protection of transmission lines is mainly evaluated according to the lightning data of the corridor, and the protective effect is not ideal. Therefore, how to obtain accurate data of lightning protection becomes the difficulty and key point of lightning protection. In this paper, the research on lightning stroke monitoring and lightning strike type identification of transmission line body is carried out, and more scientific basic data are obtained, and the technical bottleneck which restricts the imperfect protection effect is overcome, which is of great practical significance to the safe operation of power system. The main work of this paper is as follows: firstly, the models of lightning, transmission line, tower and insulation are studied, and the simulation models of different lightning strike types, such as lightning protection lines, towers and conductors, are established. The characteristics of different lightning strike types are proposed. Secondly, based on the characteristics of different lightning strike types, a lightning strike type identification method based on S transform is proposed. Then, the working principle of Rogowski coil is introduced, the low frequency distortion of Rogowski coil is simulated and the hardware circuit of integral compensation is designed. The experimental results show that the circuit can solve the problem of low frequency distortion effectively, and according to the principle of electromagnetic coupling, In this paper, the power supply mode of high potential coupled energy lithium battery is proposed, and the charge management and protection circuit is designed. The experimental results show that the minimum starting current of coupling energy can be as low as 20A, and the FPGA data acquisition and GPRS data transmission scheme are designed. A communication redundancy scheme is proposed to solve the problems of data congestion and loss. Finally, it is proved that the distribution law of lightning strike of transmission line body is closely related to the lightning tripping tower, which has important guiding significance for lightning protection evaluation.
【学位授予单位】：华中科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TM863

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