财务困境、内部控制与盈余管理

发布时间：2018-06-21 04:03

本文选题：财务困境 + 应计盈余管理　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公司财务困境一直是投资者、债权人、政府以及经理层所关注的问题。有许多原因致使公司财务成果恶化,一定程度上将会导致公司破产或者被其他企业兼并重组。如果一个公司面临财务困境,其价值将会下降,投资者因无法达到原有的投资所得而增大风险;债权人可能无法全额收回贷款,从而呆账坏账增加;政府作为国家宏观调控以及国家政策的干预者,财务困境会对税收、资源配置以及整个社会经济发展带来重要不利影响;经理将会面临减少奖金,被别的经理人替换以及遭受名誉损失等重大威胁。那么,在面临财务困境时,经理是否有动机通过操纵应计项目或者真实活动盈余管理行为来隐藏这样的恶化成果呢?同时,2007年新会计准则的实施,学者们普遍认为应计盈余管理的操纵空间越来越小,出现显著下降的趋势,由此管理层逐渐由应计盈余管理方式转为真实盈余管理方式。2008年五部委联合颁布《企业内部控制基本规范》,2010年又接连颁布《企业内部控制配套指引》,从而完善了我国的内部控制体系,加强了对内控信息披露的要求。在这种情况下,内部控制的加强是否会抑制财务困境公司的盈余管理行为呢?国内外关于这两个问题的研究并不充分,现有文献主要从应计盈余管理角度对财务困境和内部控制分别进行了探讨。首先,大部分学者从动机论出发,以国家制度为背景,认为财务困境公司会进行更多的应计盈余管理。其次,对内部控制和盈余管理的研究存在分歧,部分学者认为内部控制能够抑制盈余管理行为,但是还有学者认为内部控制对盈余管理的影响并不显著。本文从应计和真实盈余管理两个方面出发,分别研究财务困境与二者的具体关系,并在此基础上进一步探讨,内部控制对财务困境和盈余管理关系的影响。综上,本文提出研究问题:(1)在新的会计准则颁布之后,与非财务困境公司相比,财务困境公司会进行更多的应计盈余管理还是真实盈余管理呢?(2)在新的内部控制要求下,内部控制是否会对财务困境公司的盈余管理行为产生影响?其对应计和真实活动盈余管理都会产生影响吗?(3)在(2)的基础上,将内部控制缺陷按照严重程度分为重大缺陷、重要缺陷和一般缺陷,从小样本出发,研究不同缺陷类型是否对财务困境和盈余管理有影响?影响的作用力如何?(4)在(3)的基础上,进一步研究上年存在内部控制缺陷,但当年度内控缺陷得到整改的公司,是否会对财务困境和应计、真实盈余管理产生影响?(5)根据内部控制建设,内控信息披露意愿分为自愿披露和强制披露,在此基础上研究不同披露意愿是否会对财务困境和应计、真实盈余管理产生影响,两者的谁的作用力更大?文本的创新点为:(1)尽管有学者研究了财务困境与应计盈余管理之间的关系,但是对财务困境公司真实盈余管理的研究相对较少,本文则主要研究真实盈余管理与财务困境之间的关系,同时加入应计盈余管理指标作为对比,来进一步衡量财务困境公司对应计和真实盈余管理的选择,以及选择的动机是什么,以此验证新会计准则的实施效度;(2)目前对于内部控制的研究虽然比较多,但是都只关注其中一个视角,而本文从内部控制缺陷、缺陷类型、缺陷整改、内控信息披露的意愿等不同角度,并按照一定的逻辑递进性展开,对内部控制的研究较为全面,也充分展现了政策的实施效度。(3)在变量的定义上,本文对主变量从多个角度进行定义和计量,有利于结果的可靠性。
[Abstract]:The financial distress of a company has always been a concern for investors, creditors, government and managers. There are many reasons for the deterioration of the company's financial results, which will cause the company to go bankrupt or be annexed and reorganized by other companies. If a company faces financial difficulties, its value will decline and investors can not reach the original. The investment income increases the risk; the creditor may not be able to recover the loan in full, thus increasing the bad debt and bad debts; the government as the state macro regulation and the state policy interferer, the financial distress will bring about the important adverse effects on the tax, the resource allocation and the whole social economic development; the manager will face the reduction of bonuses and the other managers. In the face of financial difficulties, do managers have a motive to hide such deterioration by manipulating accrual or real activity earnings management? At the same time, in the implementation of the new accounting standards in 2007, scholars generally believe that the control space of accrual earnings management is becoming smaller and smaller. The trend of a significant decline, from which the management layer is gradually transferred from accrued earnings management to real earnings management, the five ministries and commissions in.2008 jointly promulgated < the basic norms for internal control of enterprises > in 2010. In 2010, the internal control supporting guidelines of enterprises have been promulgated. Thus the internal control system of China has been perfected and the information disclosure of internal control has been strengthened. In this case, does the strengthening of the internal control restrain the earnings management behavior of the financial distress companies? The research on these two problems is not sufficient at home and abroad. The existing literature mainly discusses the financial difficulties and internal control from the angle of accrued earnings management. With the family system as the background, we think that financial distress companies will carry out more accruals management. Secondly, there are differences in the study of internal control and earnings management. Some scholars believe that internal control can inhibit earnings management behavior, but some scholars believe that internal control has no significant impact on earnings management. On the two aspects of earnings management, we study the specific relationship between financial distress and the two, and further discuss the influence of internal control on the relationship between financial distress and earnings management. In this paper, the research questions are put forward: (1) after the promulgation of the new accounting standards, the financial distress companies will carry out compared to the non financial distress companies. More accrued earnings management or real earnings management? (2) will internal control have an impact on the earnings management behavior of financial distress companies under the new internal control requirements? Does its counterplan and real activity earnings management have an impact? (3) on the basis of (2), the internal control defects are divided into significant levels of gravity. Defects, important defects and general defects, starting from small samples, whether different types of defects have an impact on financial distress and earnings management? (4) on the basis of (3), further research on internal control defects in the previous year, but whether the company that has been rectify and rectify the defects in the year will be in financial distress and accruals, The impact of real earnings management? (5) on the basis of internal control construction, the intention of disclosure of internal control information is divided into voluntary disclosure and compulsory disclosure. On this basis, the research on whether different disclosures will affect financial distress and accrual, real earnings management, and the greater force of the two is: (1) although some scholars have studied The relationship between the financial distress and the accrued earnings management, but the research on the real earnings management of the financial distress companies is relatively small. This paper mainly studies the relationship between real earnings management and financial distress, while adding the accrued earnings management indicators as a contrast to measure the financial distress company's counterplan and the real surplus. The choice of management and what motivation is to verify the implementation validity of the new accounting standards; (2) although there are many studies on internal control at present, they are only concerned with one of the perspectives, and this article is based on the different angles of internal control defects, defect types, defects rectification and internal control information disclosure. The logic of expansion, more comprehensive research on internal control, but also fully demonstrated the validity of the implementation of the policy. (3) in the definition of the variables, the main variables were defined and measured from multiple perspectives, in favor of the reliability of the results.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F275

【参考文献】