原位挖坑混肥回填一体机的研制与试验研究

发布时间：2018-06-21 03:19

本文选题：果树种植 + 挖坑混肥回填一体机　；参考：《山东农业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国是园林果树种植大国,传统的园林果树种植中挖坑、混肥、填肥过程,机械化程度低,技术粗糙。目前我国的园林果树种植机械主要是植树挖坑机,只有挖坑功能,功能单一,不具备机械混肥和机械回填功能,更不能实现园林果树种植的挖坑、混肥、回填的机械化一体操作。本文设计了一款适用于园林果树的“原位挖坑混肥回填一体机”,提供园林果树种植过程的挖坑、混肥、回填的机械化一体式设计,实现园林果树种植过程的“挖坑、混肥、回填”的机械化连续性运作。该机械在混肥过程中有机肥料和土壤的混合均匀度非常高,最大程度发挥有机肥料的效用。本文的研究对我国果树生产有着重大意义,实现了园林果树种植过程的高度机械化,极大的提高果农种植果树的效率,减轻劳动力,提高果树产量,增加果农的经济效益。本文研究的原位挖坑混肥回填一体机的机械结构设计包括机架、作业动力设备、机身升降系统、作业升降装置、行走系统和作业装置。通过对作业装置的三维模型进行EDEM仿真,来测定作业装置作业的物料混合均匀度。在EDEM中创建取样设备的三维模型进行取样运动仿真,模拟原位挖坑混肥回填一体机的物料混合均匀度试验的取样过程。对完成EDEM取样运动仿真的混合物料颗粒划分网格,进行物料混合均匀度的分析。原位挖坑混肥回填一体机完成加工后,设计原位挖坑混肥回填一体机的物料混合均匀度试验,设计一款原位挖坑混肥回填一体机的物料混合均匀度试验的取样设备。先用原位挖坑混肥回填一体机完成挖坑混肥回填的机械化作业。然后将取样盒取出,统计取样盒中的有机肥料颗粒数,按照高转速和低转速进行分阶段试验,按照不同的作业时间每阶段依次进行5次试验,对原位挖坑混肥回填一体机的物料混合均匀度试验数据进行分析,并与EDEM仿真试验结果进行对比,得出原位挖坑混肥回填一体机的物料混合均匀度评价。仿真分析及原位挖坑混肥回填一体机物料混合均匀度试验表明:在不同转速下,作业装置的混肥功能对有机肥料在土壤中的混合均匀度有不同影响;混肥时间不同也会对有机肥料在土壤中的混合均匀度产生不同的影响。
[Abstract]:Our country is a big country of garden fruit tree planting. The traditional garden fruit tree planting pit, mixed fertilizer, filling process, low degree of mechanization, rough technology. At present, the planting machinery of garden fruit trees in our country is mainly a pothole digging machine. It has only the function of digging holes and has a single function. It does not have the functions of mechanical fertilizer mixing and mechanical backfilling, nor can it realize the digging and mixing of fertilizer for planting garden fruit trees. The mechanical operation of backfill. In this paper, a "in-situ digging pit mixed fertilizer backfill machine" suitable for garden fruit trees is designed, which provides the mechanized integrated design of digging pit, mixed fertilizer and backfilling in the planting process of garden fruit trees, and realizes the "digging pit, mixed fertilizer" in the planting process of garden fruit trees. Backfill "mechanized continuous operation." The mixing uniformity of organic fertilizer and soil is very high in the process of fertilizer mixing, and the effect of organic fertilizer is maximized. The research in this paper is of great significance to the production of fruit trees in China. It has realized the high mechanization of the planting process of garden fruit trees, greatly improved the efficiency of planting fruit trees by fruit growers, lightened the labor force, increased the output of fruit trees and increased the economic benefits of fruit growers. In this paper, the mechanical structure design of the in-situ excavating fertilizer backfill machine includes the frame, the working power equipment, the fuselage lifting system, the working lifting device, the walking system and the operating device. Through the EDEM simulation of the 3D model of the operating device, the material mixing uniformity of the operation device is measured. The 3D model of sampling equipment was created in EDEM to simulate the sampling motion, and the sampling process of the material mixing uniformity test of the in-situ excavator was simulated. The mixture particles which are simulated by EDEM sampling motion are meshed and the mixture uniformity is analyzed. After finishing the processing of the in-situ excavating pit mixed fertilizer backfill machine, the material mixing uniformity test of the in-situ excavating pit mixed fertilizer backfill machine was designed, and a sampling equipment for the material mixing uniformity test of the in-situ excavating pit mixed fertilizer backfill machine was designed. First, the mechanized backfilling operation of excavating pit mixed fertilizer was completed by using the one-body machine of in-situ excavating and mixing fertilizer backfilling. Then the sampling box was taken out and the number of organic fertilizer particles in the sampling box was counted. The experiments were carried out in stages according to the high and low rotational speed, and five times in turn according to the different operation time. The test data of material mixing uniformity of in-situ excavator are analyzed, and compared with the results of EDEM simulation test, the evaluation of material mixing evenness of in-situ excavator is obtained. The results of simulation analysis and in-situ backfilling test showed that the mixing function of the plant had different effects on the mixing uniformity of organic fertilizer in soil under different rotational speeds. Different mixing time also had different effects on the homogeneity of organic fertilizer in soil.
【学位授予单位】：山东农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：S223

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