不同非离子表面活性剂的动态吸附铺展及对煤尘润湿机制的研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 01:33

本文选题：表面活性剂 + 动态吸附　；参考：《太原理工大学》2016年博士论文

【摘要】：我国是世界上最大的煤炭生产国和消费国,煤炭在我国的经济发展中长期发挥了基础作用和支柱作用。在我国目前的能源生产和消费结构中,60%的电力,80%的民用商品能源,60%的化工产品都是由煤炭转化提供的,煤炭为我国经济发展奠定了坚实的基础。但是煤炭在生产过程中对环境造成的危害也是不可低估的,特别是煤炭在开采、堆放、运输、加工、利用几乎所有环节都会产生不同程度的煤尘,煤炭扬尘是煤炭生产和使用企业以及矿区城市主要的大气污染尘源之一。一般来说在矿井下如果没有防尘措施,每昼夜产生的粉尘量约等于采煤量的1%左右。煤尘中大多数粉尘属于可吸入颗粒,可以导致尘肺病,所以与煤炭工业相关的尘肺病在各类尘肺病患者中的人数最多,比例也最高。据相关部门统计,煤矿工人尘肺肺癌患者81.76%的人员有平均26年左右的井下接尘经历。可见煤矿工人接触粉尘与肺癌发病密切相关,做好煤矿井下粉尘的综合防治,降低尘肺病及尘肺肺癌患者的发生,是煤矿职业病防治重点。所以有关煤矿粉尘抑尘剂方面的研究和开发一直是理论和工业界的研究热点。表面活性剂作为抑尘剂的主要成分,在吸附粉尘方面表现出很好的性能。它通过捕捉、吸附、团聚粉尘微粒,将其紧锁于网状结构之内,起到湿润、粘接、凝结、吸湿、防尘、防浸蚀和抗冲刷的作用。抑尘剂中的表面活性剂能显著降低溶液的表面张力,使其有效润湿粉尘表面,使粉尘团聚沉降,从而达到降尘的效果,所以选择合适的表面活性剂是提高抑尘剂降尘效果的关键因素。对于表面活性剂的研究许多国家的研究人员做了大量工作,促进了抑尘剂的发展,在一些国家和地区已取得优良的经济效益和环境效益。但是现有抑尘剂中表面活性剂的选用靠经验选用,缺乏有效理论指导。本论文以脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂、异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、聚氧乙烯型双子表面活性剂和聚醚改性硅油为研究对象,对其进行表面动态吸附和铺展性能的研究,并对煤尘的抑制机制进行了初步的探讨,研究内容包括:1、用平衡表面张力、动态表面张力和动态接触角法对脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(10)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(7和10)动态吸附与动态润湿行为进行了研究,主要考察分子结构中的疏水基对其动态吸附与动态润湿行为的影响。结果表明都具有较高的表面活性,能把水的表面张力降低到29mn/m左右,其在水溶液中的吸附机制为扩散控制模式,但动态表面张力却稍有差别,np-10动态表面张力较好,反映在铺展性能上也稍好。表面活性剂在低能表面的铺展性能不仅与表面活性剂的浓度有关,还与表面活性剂的动态表面张力有关,而这些在本质上都与分子结构有重要关系。2、用平衡表面张力、动态表面张力和动态接触角法对异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚的动态吸附与动态润湿行为进行了研究,主要建立了描述表面活性剂的动态吸附和动态润湿性能的数学模型,在模型中提出了用平衡接触角和系数k来定量评价材料的润湿性能。运用该模型对表面活性剂在低能表面的润湿性能进行了研究,得出表面活性剂e1310的平衡接触角较小和k值较大时,在石蜡表面的润湿性能较好。同时也得出,异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂在低能表面的铺展性能不仅与表面活性剂的分子疏水基的结构有关,还与其亲水基中的聚氧乙烯数目有关。3、用平衡表面张力、动态表面张力和动态接触角法对高度支链化的四甲基-6-癸炔-5,8-二醇聚氧乙烯醚(聚氧乙烯数为2和4)的动态吸附与动态润湿行为进行了研究,其平衡态和动态表面张力测试表明,能在较低浓度下在较短时间内将水的表面张力降低到26mN/m左右,说明其具有较高的动态表面活性。接触角实验表明它也能够有效降低溶液在低能表面的接触角。4、设计、合成了两种低分子聚醚改性硅氧烷,并用红外、核磁共振对其结构进行了表征,并测试了其动态吸附与动态润湿行为,主要考察分子结构对其动态吸附与动态润湿行为和影响。实验结果表明,两种表面活性剂的平衡表面张力和临界聚集浓度基本一样,但动态表面张力却有很大差别,聚醚改性三硅氧烷具有良好的动态表面张力,其在石蜡表面的接触角测试也表明聚醚改性三硅氧烷能完全润湿低能表面。本文实验也表明表面活性剂在低能表面的接触角不仅与其平衡表面张力有关,而且与其动态表面张力也有密切相关。5、用红外光谱分析了煤粉的表面特性,而后考察了不同结构、不同支链度的润湿剂对煤尘的润湿效果,并从动态表面张力角度,对其润湿机制进行了探讨,并据此筛选了润湿效果较好的煤尘润湿剂异构脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、对其浓度对润湿的影响进行了研究。以上研究结果对于表面活性剂的开发和新型煤尘润湿剂的筛选具有重要的指导意义,并对相关领域的应用开发将起到积极的作用。
[Abstract]:China is the largest coal producer and consumer country in the world. Coal has played a basic role in the economic development of our country for a long time. In the current energy production and consumption structure of our country, 60% of electricity, 80% of civil commodity energy and 60% of chemical products are provided by coal conversion, and coal is a foundation for the economic development of our country. The harm of coal in the process of production can not be underestimated. In particular, coal mining, stacking, transportation, processing, and using almost all links will produce different levels of coal dust. Coal dust is one of the main sources of air pollution in coal production and use and the city of mining area. As if there are no dust prevention measures under the mine, the amount of dust produced every day and night is approximately equal to about 1% of the coal mining. Most dust in the dust belongs to the respirable particles and can cause pneumoconiosis, so the number of pneumoconiosis associated with the coal industry is the most and the highest in all types of pneumoconiosis patients. According to the statistics of relevant departments, coal mines 81.76% of the workers with lung cancer in workers' pneumoconiosis have an average of about 26 years of underground dust exposure. It is obvious that coal miners' exposure to dust is closely related to the incidence of lung cancer. It is the key to prevent and control pneumoconiosis and pneumoconiosis patients, so it is the key point for the prevention and control of occupational diseases in coal mines. Research and development have always been the hot spots in the theoretical and industrial circles. As the main component of the dust suppressants, surface active agents show good performance in the absorption of dust. By capturing, adsorbing, and gathering dust particles, it is locked in the net structure and plays the role of wetting, bonding, condensing, hygroscopic, dustproof, anti erosion and anti scouring. The surface active agent in the dust suppressant can significantly reduce the surface tension of the solution, make it wetting the dust surface effectively, make the dust agglomeration and settle the dust, so it is the key factor to improve the dust reduction effect of the dust suppressant. The work has promoted the development of dust suppressants and has achieved good economic and environmental benefits in some countries and regions. However, the selection of surface active agents in the existing dust suppressants is selected by experience and lack of effective theoretical guidance. This paper is based on the non ionic surfactant of polyoxyethylene ether and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, isomeric fatty alcohol Polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene type gemini surfactants and polyether modified silicone oil are studied. The surface dynamic adsorption and spreading properties of polyoxyethylene are studied, and the inhibition mechanism of coal dust is preliminarily discussed. The contents of the study include: 1, the polyoxyethylene glycol is treated with the method of equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior of enes (10) and nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (7 and 10) was studied. The effect of hydrophobic groups in molecular structure on its dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior was mainly investigated. The results showed that all of them had high surface activity, which could reduce the surface tension of water to about 29mn/m, and its adsorption in aqueous solution. The mechanism is diffusion control mode, but the dynamic surface tension is slightly different, the dynamic surface tension of NP-10 is better and the spreading performance is better. The spreading property of surface active agent on low energy surface is not only related to the concentration of surface active agent, but also related to the dynamic surface tension of surface active agent, and these are essentially bonded with the molecule. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior of isomeric fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether was studied by means of equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle method. The mathematical model of dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting properties of surfactant was established, and the equilibrium contact angle was put forward in the model, and the equilibrium contact angle was put forward in the model,.2. Coefficient K is used to quantitatively evaluate the wettability of materials. The wettability of surface active agents on low energy surface is studied by using this model. It is concluded that the wettability on the surface of paraffin is better when the equilibrium contact angle of the surfactant e1310 is small and the K value is large. The surface spreading property is not only related to the structure of the hydrophobic group of the surfactant, but also related to the number of polyoxyethylene in the hydrophilic group.3. The dynamic adsorption of the highly branched four methyl -6- decylacetylene -5,8- glycol polyoxyethylene ether (polyoxyethylene number is 2 and 4) with the equilibrium surface tension, dynamic surface tension and dynamic contact angle method. The dynamic wetting behavior is studied. The equilibrium state and dynamic surface tension test show that the surface tension of water can be reduced to about 26mN/m in a relatively short time, indicating that it has a high dynamic surface activity. The contact angle experiment shows that it can reduce the contact angle.4 of the solution on the low energy surface, and design and synthesize it. Two kinds of low molecular polyether modified siloxane were used and its structure was characterized by IR and NMR. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior was tested. The dynamic adsorption and dynamic wetting behavior of the molecular structure was investigated. The experimental results showed that the equilibrium surface tension and the critical concentration concentration of the two surface active agents were observed. It is basically the same, but the dynamic surface tension is very different. Polyether modified three siloxane has good dynamic surface tension. The contact angle test on the paraffin surface also shows that polyether modified three siloxane can completely moisten the low energy surface. This experiment also shows that the contact angle of the surface active agent on the low energy surface is not only with the balance surface tension. The force is related, and its dynamic surface tension is closely related to.5. The surface characteristics of pulverized coal are analyzed by infrared spectrum. Then the wetting effect of different structure and different branch chain wetting agents on coal dust is investigated, and the wetting mechanism of the coal dust is discussed from the angle of dynamic surface tension, and the coal dust with good wetting effect is screened according to this, and the coal dust with good wetting effect is screened. The effect of the concentration of polyoxyethylene ether on the wetting of the wetting agent is studied. The above results have important guiding significance for the development of the surfactant and the screening of the new coal dust wetting agent, and will play an active role in the application and development of the related fields.
【学位授予单位】：太原理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TQ423

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