基于分位数回归的我国公共部门与非公共部门工资差异的研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 11:31

本文选题：工资差异 + 劳动力市场　；参考：《南华大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,随着劳动力市场的竞争压力的加大,与非公共部门相比,公共部门良好的工作环境和优厚的福利待遇引起了社会的极大关注,部门间存在的较大收入差距一方面影响人力资本在两部门间的配置,另一方面不利于社会的和谐和社会的进步。具体的分析公共部门和非公共部门两部门间的工资差异不仅能够解释造成这种现象的原因,而且能够为政府制定和调整工资政策提供依据。本文立足于目前中国经济逐渐向市场化体制改革的现实国情,对中国劳动力市场中公共部门和非公共部门的工资差异进行系统分析。首先,依据2009年和2011年中国家庭健康和营养两年的调查数据(CHNS),建立Mincer工资方程,并对工资方程进行均值回归和分位数回归,实证分析公共部门和非公共部门的工资决定机制,并着重考察人力资本差异和所有制歧视(工资溢价)对两个部门工资决定机制的影响,进而具体分析性别、区域等因素对公共部门与非公共部门的工资决定机制的影响。其次,应用微观经济计量方法和工资差异分解方法分析公共部门和非公共部门间工资差异的变动。利用Oaxaca和Blinder的工资差异分解方法,对公共部门和非公共部门的总体工资均值差异进行分解。并将2009年和2011年的分解出来的结果进行分析比较,来阐释公共部门与非公共部门间工资均值差异的大小和变化趋势,以及人力资本、性别、区域等因素对工资差异的影响程度。最后,依据2011年中国家庭健康和营养调查数据,应用Melly(2007)分解方法分解公共部门和非公共部门工资分布差异。在工资分布的所有分位数上,对公共部门与非公共部门的工资差异进行研究,得出随着分位点的提高,公共部门和非公共部门间的工资差异表现出先下降后上升的趋势,在收入水平处于中端时期,公共部门与非公共部门的工资差异最小,即“地板效应”。因此,针对低收入劳动者群体,政府部门应当加大教育投入,促进其工资水平的提高;针对高收入劳动者群体,政府应消除垄断等所有制歧视因素,促进工资的市场化,缩小公共部门和非公共部门的工资差距。本文的研究结果不仅有助于理解中国城镇劳动力市场中公共部门和非公共部门间工资差异的来源,把握劳动力市场的运行规律,而且有助于劳动力市场公共政策的评价与设计,具有理论和现实意义。
[Abstract]:At present, with the increasing competitive pressure in the labor market, compared with the non-public sector, the good working environment and generous welfare in the public sector have aroused great concern of the society. On the one hand, the large income gap between departments affects the allocation of human capital between the two sectors, on the other hand, it is not conducive to social harmony and social progress. The analysis of the wage difference between the public sector and the non-public sector can not only explain the causes of this phenomenon, but also provide the basis for the government to formulate and adjust the wage policy. Based on the reality that China's economy is gradually changing to the market-oriented system, this paper makes a systematic analysis of the wage difference between the public sector and the non-public sector in China's labor market. First of all, based on the data of Chinese household health and nutrition survey (CHNS) in 2009 and 2011, the Mincer wage equation is established, and the mean and quantile regression of the wage equation are used to analyze the wage determination mechanism in the public sector and non-public sector. It also focuses on the influence of human capital difference and ownership discrimination (wage premium) on the wage decision mechanism in the two sectors, and then analyzes the influence of gender, region and other factors on the wage determination mechanism in the public sector and non-public sector. Secondly, the change of wage difference between public sector and non-public sector is analyzed by microeconometric method and wage difference decomposition method. By using Oaxaca and Blinder's method of wage difference decomposition, the difference of the average total wage between public sector and non-public sector is decomposed. The results of 2009 and 2011 are analyzed and compared to explain the magnitude and trend of wage difference between public sector and non-public sector, as well as the influence of human capital, gender, region and other factors on wage difference. Finally, Melly (2007) is used to decompose the wage distribution difference between the public sector and non-public sector based on the data of 2011 Chinese Household Health and Nutrition Survey. In all the quantiles of wage distribution, the wage difference between the public sector and the non-public sector is studied. The results show that the wage difference between the public sector and the non-public sector decreases first and then increases with the increase of the score. In the middle stage of income level, the wage difference between public sector and non-public sector is the smallest, namely "floor effect". Therefore, for low-income workers, government departments should increase investment in education to promote the improvement of their wage levels; for high-income workers, the government should eliminate monopoly and other factors of ownership discrimination, and promote the marketization of wages. Narrow the wage gap between the public and non-public sectors. The results of this paper not only help to understand the source of wage difference between public and non-public sectors in China's urban labor market, but also contribute to the evaluation and design of labor market public policies. It has theoretical and practical significance.
【学位授予单位】：南华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F249.24

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