江西省小微企业融资难因素的统计分析

发布时间：2018-06-29 06:32

本文选题：小微企业 + 融资困境　；参考：《江西财经大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：小微企业在国民经济中重要的地位不言而喻,尽管近两年来出台了多项利好小微企业发展的政策,但实际上小微企业的生存状况依然相当严峻,融资难已经成为欠发达地区小微企业发展的“瓶颈”,严重影响了小微企业的发展和地区经济的振兴。本文在调查中,先后走访了江西省中小企业局、抚州市工信委等政府部门,了解江西省小微企业发展总体情况,获取相关的第一手数据。在对江西省小微企业总体情况的分析中,我们发现:从整体来看,江西省小微企业的资金量小,没有良好的基础,若有融资需求,融资的难度也较大。从区域来看,南昌、九江、赣州三地市的小微企业综合实力较强,除此之外,宜春、吉安、萍乡三地市的小微企业的利润情况较高。从产业来看,轻工业增速比重工业的增速要高。从在全省经济的影响来看,规下小微企业增加值占全省GDP的4%左右,规上中小微企业占比33%,总体来说,小微企业的占比情况较低。从在中部六省的对比来看,江西省小微企业的主营业务收入、增加值和利税总额的增速在中部六省位居中游水平。同时,本文以江西省四市(南昌、九江、赣州、抚州)的小微企业为调查对象,进行实地调研,发放问卷360份,实际有效回收问卷310份,在占有翔实的数据资料情况下,采用统计软件SPSS19.0,对收集的问卷数据进行描述性统计分析、因子分析,并从企业、金融机构、宏观环境政策三个维度对江西省小微企业融资难因素进行分析。实证结果表明:从企业角度上看,江西省小微企业融资难主要表现在企业缺乏有效担保、财务披露制度不健全导致融资方式单一;从银行金融机构角度看,融资难主要表现在贷款利率过高和信息不透明上;从宏观政策上看,融资难主要变现在产业政策扶助不够和信贷体系不健全上。进一步将指标细化成12个分项因子进行主成分分析,我们发现对江西省小微企业而言,宏观政策环境相对于企业自身和融资机构,对融资的影响更大一些。因此,解决江西省小微企业融资难,应从从企业自身、融资机构、国家政策三个方面入手。企业应该建立起现代企业制度,提高自身资信水平,丰富企业财务信息披露的渠道;金融机构应该加大金融服务力度,促进金融产品创新;更重要的是,政府应该加大对小微企业的政策倾斜与扶持力度,搭建融资服务平台,健全完备的小微企业信贷体系,推动民间借贷阳光化,合理化,制度化。
[Abstract]:It goes without saying that small and micro enterprises play an important role in the national economy. Although many policies have been issued in the past two years to promote the development of small and micro enterprises, in fact, the survival conditions of small and micro enterprises are still quite severe. The difficulty of financing has become the bottleneck of the development of small and micro enterprises in underdeveloped areas, which has seriously affected the development of small and micro enterprises and the revitalization of regional economy. In this paper, we have visited the small and medium-sized enterprises bureau of Jiangxi Province, Fuzhou City, and other government departments, to understand the overall development of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, to obtain the relevant first-hand data. In the analysis of the overall situation of the small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, we find that the small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province have a small amount of capital and no good foundation, and if there is a need for financing, it is difficult to raise funds. From the regional point of view, Nanchang, Jiujiang, Ganzhou three cities of small and micro enterprises comprehensive strength is stronger, in addition, Yichun, Ji'an, Pingxiang three cities of small and micro enterprises profit situation is higher. From the point of view of industry, the growth rate of light industry is higher than the growth rate of heavy industry. According to the economic influence of the whole province, the added value of small and micro enterprises accounts for about 4% of the province's GDP, and the proportion of small and medium-sized enterprises is 33%. In general, the proportion of small and micro enterprises is low. From the comparison of six provinces in central China, the growth rate of the main business income, added value and total profit and tax of the small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province is in the middle reaches of the six central provinces. At the same time, this paper takes the small and micro enterprises in four cities of Jiangxi Province (Nanchang, Jiujiang, Ganzhou and Fuzhou) as the investigation object, carries on the field investigation, distributes 360 questionnaires, effectively retrieves 310 questionnaires, under the condition of possessing the full and accurate data, The statistical software SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the questionnaire data from three dimensions: enterprise, financial institution and macro environmental policy. The factors of financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province were analyzed from three dimensions: enterprise, financial institution and macro environmental policy. The empirical results show that: from the enterprise point of view, the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province are mainly reflected in the lack of effective guarantee, the lack of sound financial disclosure system leads to a single financing mode; from the point of view of banking financial institutions, The difficulty of financing is mainly reflected in the high interest rate of loan and the opacity of information. From the macro policy point of view, the difficulty of financing mainly changes the current industrial policy support is not enough and the credit system is not perfect. The index is further refined into 12 sub-factors for principal component analysis, we find that for small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, the macro policy environment has a greater impact on financing than the enterprises themselves and financing institutions. Therefore, to solve the financing difficulties of small and micro enterprises in Jiangxi Province, we should start from three aspects: enterprises themselves, financing institutions and national policies. Enterprises should establish a modern enterprise system, improve their credit level and enrich the channels for disclosure of financial information; financial institutions should strengthen financial services to promote innovation in financial products; and, more importantly, The government should increase the policy inclination and support to small and micro enterprises, set up financing service platform, perfect the credit system of small and micro enterprises, and promote the sunshine, rationalization and institutionalization of private lending.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F276.3;F832.4

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