城市偏向与中国城乡收入差距：理论与实证分析

发布时间：2018-07-02 11:59

本文选题：城市偏向 + 要素配置　；参考：《西北大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,伴随着在我国经济的迅速发展,城乡收入差距也在逐步扩大,不仅影响农民生活水平的提高、制约农业的发展,而且威胁到整个经济的稳定、健康发展,因此如何缩小这一差距就成为社会各界密切关注的热点问题。针对这一现象,本文从城市偏向这一制度性因素入手,基于城乡要素配置视角,研究城市偏向对我国的城乡收入差距影响。本文首先对城市偏向的内涵作出界定,分析了城市偏向对城乡劳动力转移、农村资金净流出、城乡人力资本积累的影响,认为在城市偏向下,户籍制度的限制导致农村劳动力转移滞后,不合理的财政与金融政策导致农村资金严重外流,公共服务差异导致农村人力资本水平不高,他们进一步对我国的城乡收入产生影响,并提出三条理论假说。基于此,对我国的城乡收入差距现状、城市偏向下的我国劳动力配置现状、农村资金净流出现状、人力资本投资现状一一进行分析,而后选取城镇化率(urban)、农村资金净流出额(rjlc)、城乡人均人力资本投资比(ahi)等指标,采用1978-2013年的全国时间序列数据,建立计量模型,测度他们之间的具体影响。依据模型回归结果得出,从劳动力转移角度来看,城镇化率与城乡收入差距存在反向关系；从城乡资金流动配置角度来看,农村资金净流出与城乡收入差距存在正向关系；从人力资本差异角度来看,城乡人力资本投资差异与城乡收入差距存在正向关系。基于计量检验结果,本文提出了四条建议,一是要加快推进户籍制度改革,建立统筹城乡的社会保障体系,二是加大财政、金融支农力度、优化支农结构,三是注重人才的作用,提高农村人力资本积累水平,四是加快推进农业产业化发展步伐,为改善城乡收入差距状况提供一些参考。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the rapid economic development in our country, the income gap between urban and rural areas is gradually widening, which not only affects the improvement of farmers' living standards, restricts the development of agriculture, but also threatens the stability and healthy development of the whole economy. Therefore, how to narrow this gap has become a hot issue concerned by all walks of life. In view of this phenomenon, this paper starts with the institutional factor of urban bias and studies the influence of urban bias on the urban-rural income gap in China from the perspective of urban and rural factor allocation. This paper first defines the connotation of urban bias, analyzes the influence of urban bias on the transfer of urban and rural labor force, the net outflow of rural capital, and the accumulation of urban and rural human capital. The restriction of household registration system leads to the lagging of rural labor force transfer, the serious outflow of rural capital caused by unreasonable financial and monetary policies, and the low level of rural human capital due to the difference of public service. They further influence our country's urban and rural income, and put forward three theoretical hypotheses. Based on this, this paper analyzes the current situation of income gap between urban and rural areas, the present situation of labor allocation under urban bias, the current situation of net outflow of rural capital, and the present situation of human capital investment. Then select the urbanization rate (urban), rural capital outflow (rjlc), per capita human capital investment ratio (ahi) and other indicators, using the 1978-2013 national time series data, establish a measurement model to measure the specific impact between them. From the point of view of labor force transfer, there is a reverse relationship between urbanization rate and urban-rural income gap, from the point of view of urban and rural capital flow allocation, there is a positive relationship between the net outflow of rural capital and urban-rural income gap. From the point of view of human capital difference, there is a positive relationship between urban and rural human capital investment difference and urban-rural income gap. Based on the results of the metrological inspection, this paper puts forward four suggestions. One is to speed up the reform of the household registration system, and the other is to set up an overall social security system for urban and rural areas, and second, to increase the financial and financial support for agriculture, and to optimize the structure of supporting agriculture. Third, pay attention to the role of talents, improve the level of rural human capital accumulation, and fourth, speed up the pace of agricultural industrialization development, and provide some references for improving the income gap between urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：西北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F124.7

【相似文献】