创新集群中有意识的知识溢出、知识创造与集群衍生关系研究

发布时间：2018-07-24 16:29

【摘要】：知识经济时代的来临使得学术界和科技政策制定者纷纷将注意力集中于以知识富集和技术创新为内生动力的创新集群的研究中,以期探索成功的创新集群自我衍生模式,带动区域经济增长与完善国家创新体系建设。活跃的企业衍生创业、技术更新再造以及旧产业向新兴产业的转型升级是表征创新集群衍生的主要现象,也是创新集群实现规模化、多元化、自主化的可持续发展的有效模式。创新集群中大量的知识溢出与知识创造活动成为了相关领域关注的焦点。现有研究虽然总结了知识溢出对创新集群衍生的影响,但却并没有解释知识溢出如何影响创新集群实现衍生,即创新集群的衍生机制还未得到进一步揭露。此外,现有研究知识溢出和创新集群衍生的文献并未对知识溢出进行细分,因此忽略了这类知识溢出本身的特点。基于资源观的研究认为,知识可以通过一个有意识的努力以及资源消耗行为来创造。对于创新集群而言,通过知识的富集、溢出效应和新知识的创造等带来的集群效益已经超越了传统的由要素集中投入和供应链优化配置所带产生的优势。因此以知识创造为中介变量,探究创新集群内衍生企业如何通过有意识的知识溢出促进集群内企业创新创业、技术集成创造和新兴产业衍生,由此推动创新集群走上持续性、多样性、创造性的发展道路,带动区域经济繁荣发展兼具理论和实践意义。本文将创新集群衍生变量解构为企业衍生、技术衍生和新兴产业衍生三个维度,并对大连市重点产业集群企业通过问卷调查法进行了数据收集,最后筛选获得241份有效问卷,通过对样本数据进行描述性统计分析以及效度与信度检验,最后进行回归分析,实证检验了有意识的知识溢出对创新集群衍生的直接影响及知识创造对二者关系的中介效应。本研究主要得出以下结论:(1)创新集群衍生的内涵包含企业衍生、技术衍生、新兴产业衍生三个维度,新兴产业衍生的加入使创新集群的衍生研究从原有的企业和技术创新层面拓宽到产业视角,不仅可以完善集群中的产业类型和优化现有产业链配置,更重要的是为集群未来的转型发展提供前瞻性的战略视角。(2)目前多数以知识溢出为自变量研究集群衍生的文章大多将知识溢出限定在企业间无意识的知识传播范畴,而对基于正式合作协议的主体间有意识性的溢出行为关注不够,本文为创新集群衍生的研究提供新的视角,研究发现兼具正式性和动态性的集群企业间有意识的知识溢出才是构建创新集群实现自主衍生道路的出发点。有意识的知识溢出对创新集群衍生有很强的解释能力,但对创新集群衍生各个维度具有差别的直接效应。有意识的知识溢出对技术衍生的影响最大,但对企业衍生的解释能力则相对较弱。这从实证检验方面证实了技术创新对知识溢出尤其是基于正式协议的研发合作主体自愿、主动地知识溢出的严格依赖性。相比于技术的创新与衍生,企业衍生是一种更为精密和复杂的创新过程,受到的影响因素也更为复杂,因此知识溢出在其中的作用相对下降。(3)研究结论得到,知识创造对有意识的知识溢出与创新集群衍生的关系有中介作用,但是具体到创新集群衍生的三种维度,知识创造所起的中介效应有所差异。知识创造在有意识的知识溢出与企业衍生之间起完全中介作用;而有意识的知识溢出和技术衍生之间、新兴产业衍生之间,知识创造起部分中介作用。创新集群中的衍生企业,大多是母体企业的雇员依靠技术创新寻找新的次级市场,并将其成功商业化的活动,在这个过程中,更多体现的是知识创造的价值。结合前面的实证研究结果和分析讨论,本研究提出了知识创造视角下的创新集群基于有意识的知识溢出的衍生实现机制,不仅拓展了创新集群的研究内容,而且初步探索了创新集群可持续自主衍生的实现机制。通过知识创造性的应用和新知识的再生,集群内企业充分利用内外知识资源,如集群内的溢出知识,成为提升集群整体技术创新产出和培养衍生创业能力的可行方式之一,这为创新集群如何实现衍生提供了理论构建路径,而且也为创新集群的实践操作提出了指导思想和解决方案。最后,通过对研究结论的分析而得出对实践具有指导意义的管理启示,并指出本研究中的不足。
[Abstract]:The advent of the era of knowledge economy makes academics and science and technology policymakers focus on the research of innovative clusters which are driven by knowledge enrichment and technological innovation, in order to explore the successful innovation cluster self derivation model, drive regional economic growth and improve the construction of national innovation system. Entrepreneurship, technology renewal and reengineering, as well as the transformation and upgrading of the old industry to the emerging industries are the main phenomena which represent the derivative of the innovation cluster. It is also an effective mode for the innovation cluster to realize the scale, diversification and autonomy of the innovation cluster. The large number of knowledge spillovers and knowledge creation activities in the innovative cluster have become the focus of the related fields. Some studies have summarized the influence of knowledge spillover on the innovation cluster derivation, but it does not explain how knowledge spillovers affect the derivation of innovation clusters, that is, the derivative mechanism of innovative clusters has not been further revealed. On the basis of resource view, knowledge can be created by a conscious effort and the behavior of resource consumption. For innovative clusters, the cluster benefits of knowledge enrichment, spillover effects and new knowledge creation have surpassed the traditional concentration of factors from the elements. The advantages of the optimal allocation of the supply chain. Therefore, with the knowledge creation as the intermediary variable, it explores how the derivative enterprises in the innovation cluster promote the enterprise innovation and entrepreneurship in the cluster through conscious knowledge spillovers, the technology integration creation and the emerging industry derivation, thus promoting the innovation cluster to go on the path of sustainability, diversity and creative development. It has both theoretical and practical significance to promote the prosperity and development of regional economy. This paper deconstructs the derivative variables of innovative cluster into three dimensions of enterprise derivative, technology derivation and emerging industries, and collects data through questionnaire survey in key industrial clusters in Dalian, and finally obtains 241 valid questionnaires, through the sample data. The descriptive statistical analysis, validity and reliability test were carried out, and the regression analysis was carried out to test the direct influence of knowledge spillovers on the derivative of innovative cluster and the mediating effect of knowledge creation on the relationship between the two. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the connotation of innovation cluster derivation includes enterprise derivative, technology derivation, The emerging industry derives three dimensions. The derivative of emerging industries makes the derivative research of the innovation cluster widen from the original enterprise and technology innovation level to the industrial perspective, not only to improve the industrial type in the cluster and to optimize the existing industrial chain configuration, but also to provide a forward-looking strategic perspective for the uncoming transformation and development of the cluster. 2) most of the articles derived from knowledge spillovers as independent variables are mostly limited to the category of unconscious knowledge dissemination among enterprises, but not enough attention to the conscious spillover between subjects based on formal cooperation agreements. This paper provides a new perspective for the research of innovative cluster derivation, and the research finds both formal and formal. A conscious knowledge spillover between sexual and dynamic clusters is the starting point for the independent derivation of an innovative cluster. A conscious knowledge spillover has a strong explanatory power for the derivation of the innovation cluster, but it has a direct effect on the different dimensions of the innovation cluster. It has the greatest response, but is relatively weak in the explanatory power of enterprise derived. This proves that technology innovation is voluntary for knowledge spillovers, especially based on formal agreement based R & D partners, and is strictly dependent on active knowledge spillovers. Compared to technological innovation and derivation, enterprise derivation is a more sophisticated and complex innovation. The influence factors of the process are also more complex, so the effect of knowledge spillover is relatively decreasing. (3) the conclusion is that knowledge creation has a mediating effect on the relationship between knowledge spillover and innovation cluster derivation, but the medium effect of knowledge creation is different to the three dimensions derived from innovation cluster. The knowledge spillover plays a complete intermediary role between the conscious knowledge spillover and the enterprise derivation; while the conscious knowledge spillover and the technological derivation, the emerging industry derives, and the knowledge creation plays a part of intermediary role. In the process of successful commercialization, more embodies the value of knowledge creation. Combined with the previous empirical research results and analysis and discussion, this study proposes a derivative realization mechanism based on conscious knowledge spillovers from the perspective of knowledge creation, which does not only expand the research content of the innovative cluster, but also preliminary. The realization mechanism of sustainable independent derivative of innovation cluster is explored. Through the application of creative knowledge and the regeneration of new knowledge, enterprises in the cluster make full use of the internal and external knowledge resources, such as the spillover knowledge within the cluster, and become one of the feasible ways to improve the overall technological innovation output and develop the derivative ability of the cluster. The derivation provides the theoretical construction path, and also puts forward the guiding ideology and solutions for the practice operation of the innovation cluster. Finally, through the analysis of the conclusions of the research, we can draw the guiding significance of the management enlightenment to practice, and point out the shortcomings in this study.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F273.1

【参考文献】