耕地保护的经济补偿研究
发布时间：2018-08-18 20:48
【摘要】：“万物土中生,有土斯有粮。”耕地作为土地资源中的精华,不可再生的稀缺资源,是重要的生产、生活资料,关乎国家粮食安全、生态安全、社会稳定和社会经济的可持续发展。城镇化快速发展对耕地占用的压力以及我国人均耕地少、耕地质量总体不高、耕地后备资源不足的基本国情决定了耕地保护的极端重要性。以往的耕地保护主要依靠的是法律和行政约束的强制性保护,缺乏对耕地保护外部性问题的关注,缺乏相关主体的激励,严重挫伤了地方政府和农户自觉保护耕地的意愿,耕地保护效果不佳。党中央和国务院已经意识到了通过建立耕地保护激励机制推动耕地保护工作的重要性,陆续出台政策文件明确建立耕地保护激励机制。四川省成都市、广东佛山区等地也陆续开展了耕地保护经济补偿实践。学术界针对耕地保护经济补偿问题展开热议,已有研究探讨了国家或省域层面大尺度的耕地保护补偿问题,或农户层面的微观保护主体的耕地保护补偿问题,集合区域和农户不同层面问题透视的还较少,没有形成耕地保护经济补偿多层面、多要素的系统的理论体系和研究范式。机制设计的重要理论依据,耕地资源的价值内涵不清,针对耕地价值的哪一部分进行补偿存在较大的分歧。补偿路径探索多停留在理论层面的探讨,缺乏区域差异性和社会经济发展下的动态性机制设计。基于上述背景,本研究在基于耕地保护形势的耕地资产核算基础上,以城乡统筹试验区,大城市与大农村并存,人地矛盾尖锐的重庆市为例,综合运用结构方程模型、空间数据分析、空间计量经济分析、熵权改进的TOPSIS和CA-Markov模型等多种方法,从耕地保护经济补偿意愿、经济补偿标准、经济补偿空间时序三个方面探讨耕地保护经济补偿的合理路径,并以重庆的典型县域进行补偿方案的实证研究。本研究力图解决“如何通过机制创新破解耕地保护困境”,拟通过相关成果的得出丰富耕地保护理论,为健全耕地保护经济激励与制约机制,完善耕地保护在内的土地管理的相关政策和法规提供相对可行的参考。主要研究结论如下:(1)我国耕地资源实物量持续下降,耕地资源价值量严重扭曲,耕地保护补偿机制急需建立。全国耕地资源存量虽大,人均占有量却小,存量和人均占有量持续下降。2013年,全国耕地资源存量为13516.34万hm2,人均耕地资源占有量仅为0.099 hm2。1998年以来,我国耕地资源价值量持续增加,1998年、2001年、2004年、2007年、2010年、2013年价值量存量分别为158.45万亿元,165.56万亿元,185.41万亿元,249.55万亿元,393.32万亿元,438.97万亿元,1998-2013年间耕地资源价值量流量为280.52万亿元。发展权价值的增加量最多,其次是国家粮食安全战略价值的增加量。耕地资源的理论价值与市场价值的对比表明,耕地的理论价值量远远大于同期耕地的市场价值量,差距主要来源于具有外部性和公共物品特性的发展权价值、国家粮食安全战略价值和生态价值等。耕地资源的实物量和价值量的变化表明,两者呈逆向变化关系,耕地资源价值的增加不仅受到耕地数量减少的驱动,人口增长,非农用地需求的改变,政府的干预以及社会经济水平的变化等因素都可能对耕地价值的变化产生重要影响。因此,在我国耕地保护面临的严峻形势下,如何显化耕地资源的真正价值,给予耕地保护主体补贴,才能更好地调动保护主体保护耕地的主动性和积极性。(2)不同区域、不同类型农户的耕地保护及补偿意愿具有差异性,农户的耕地保护补偿参与意愿受耕地价值变化感知、公众认知、农户特征和选择倾向的影响。农户的耕地价值认知具有明显的阶段性,同期耕地保护意愿表现出相似的渐进性。20世纪80年代农民的耕地价值感知度较低,认知的维度较为单一,认可度最高的是耕地的农业生产价值,农户“生存小农”、“理性小农”意识使得此时的农户耕地保护意愿最强烈。90年代,耕地的重要性相对弱化,农民对耕地的就业、养老保障的依赖降低,发展权价值逐步受到重视,农户耕地保护意愿减弱。20世纪初,农户对耕地的生态价值、发展权价值及情感价值认可度高。伴随着农户对耕地多维度价值的认知,农户的耕地保护意愿较90年代有所回升。不同区域、不同类型农户的耕地保护补偿意愿具有显著的差异性。耕地保护补偿参与意愿的结构方程模型表明,农户特征、公众认知、农户的耕地价值变化感知和选择倾向对农户的补偿参与意愿均具有显著影响。其中,劳动力人数、农业生产价值变化感知、耕地重要性认知和耕地保护经济补偿标准分别对这四类外源潜变量的解释力度最好。公众认知、选择倾向和农户特征与耕地保护经济补偿的参与意愿呈正相关关系,公众认知对补偿参与意愿的影响最大。农户的耕地价值变化感知与补偿参与意愿呈负相关关系,表明农户感知耕地价值提高时,即使没有补偿其耕地保护意愿也会很强烈。农户作为耕地保护最直接的参与者,经济补偿的开展必须尊重农户意愿,以耕地保护和农户获益为前提。通过广泛宣传提升农户对耕地重要性、严峻形势和耕地保护政策的认知。拟定合理的耕地保护补偿标准。在耕地保护经济补偿方式的选择上,可在综合考虑财政支付能力和民意的基础上,采用现金和保险补偿为主,辅以政策、技术等其他多样化的补偿方式,增加耕地保护补偿的灵活性。针对区域差异下的补偿意愿差异,针对重点人群,划定重点区域。以农业生产为主业的农户是耕地保护激励的重点人群,以他们的意愿需求制定耕地保护补偿方案,尽可能地弥补他们的“特别牺牲利益”。粮食主产区、基本农田保护区和城乡结合部是耕地保护激励的重点区域,在耕地保护的同时实现优质耕地更好保护。(3)基于耕地资源综合价值及分维度价值的保护补偿标准存在空间分异。全市耕地综合价值补偿额度值以主城区为核心区域,沿圈层式向外递减,至渝东北、渝东南降至最低,总体上呈现“两圈两翼,西高东低”的空间格局,局部区域具有典型的空间变异性,万州和黔江地区的补偿价值高于周边区县。空间关联分析表明,耕地保护补偿标准在空间上具有显著的正相关性,即补偿标准高的区县跟补偿标准高的区县相邻,补偿标准低的区县跟补偿标准低的区县相邻。基于经济价值、社会价值和生态价值的分维度补偿值在地理空间上表现出类似的地域分异格局,即整体上都具有渝西渝中渝东北渝东南。各类补偿标准的Global Moran’s I值介于0.4025-0.8519,空间关联性较强。为提高补偿的可行性,制定耕地保护补偿标准的弹性区间,即以耕地资源的发展权价值作为耕地保护补偿的下限,以非市场价值作为耕地保护补偿的中间值,以综合价值作为耕地保护补偿的上限,并依据不同的目的或在特定的时期分阶段实行不同的耕地保护补偿标准。人口、社会经济、交通区位和农户行为对耕地保护补偿标准空间分异的计量经济分析表明,人口因素与耕地保护补偿标准空间分异具有明显的空间集聚关系。社会经济因素同样表现出显著的影响,但影响的程度存在差异,经济密度高、投资力度大、农业现代化水平高的地区也是耕地保护补偿标准的高值集聚区。这一空间集聚特征也表现在交通区位因素与耕地保护补偿标准的空间关系上。农户行为因素中,农户经营投入行为、种植选择行为与耕地保护补偿标准的空间分异表现出显著的空间相关性。因此,耕地保护经济补偿机制的构建应在区域耕地资源价值科学评定的基础上,结合区域实际,制定差异化的耕地保护经济补偿标准弹性区间,提高耕地保护经济补偿针对性和有效性。(4)依据耕地保护经济补偿效率划定耕地保护补偿空间时序,在不同的区域实施差异化的补偿策略。以耕地建设负荷为依据,以重庆耕地分布的37个区县级单元为研究对象,确定了各县域耕地保护经济补偿的优先序,并将重庆耕地保护补偿划分为三个区域:优先补偿区,次级补偿区和临界补偿区。三个区域涉及的区县分别为12个,14个和11个,占全市耕地总面积的32.36%,37.14%和30.50%。三大区域在耕地资源禀赋、区域发展定位和市级耕地建设性补偿的支持力度方面均存在显著差异。根据空间时序和区域差异性,设计耕地保护经济补偿区域协调战略。耕地保护经济补偿时序上,分别设置耕地保护经济补偿的先行试点区、试点区和全面推开区;在耕地保护经济补偿方式的选择上,优先补偿区和次级补偿区多为区位较好的城市近郊区域,对农户可以现金+保险补偿为主,适当配置耕地保护、现代农业的信贷优惠政策;而次级补偿区中的部分县域及临界补偿区多为远离重庆经济社会政治中心的县域,激励性补偿在以现金+保险补偿为主外,适当配置技术补偿,提高后备建设区的农业“造血”功能。(5)本研究构建的耕地保护经济补偿思路和关键技术方法合理、可行,但在不同的区域应用时应进行修正。基于耕地保护经济补偿范围变化调控、经济补偿标准差异化设计、经济补偿空间时序安排、经济补偿的农户意愿调查的耕地保护经济补偿思路和关键技术方法在重庆市江津区的实证表明是合理、可行的。在耕地保护经济补偿范围方面,借助遥感解译技术和GIS技术动态监测土地利用变化,利用CA-Markov模型预测未来年份的耕地保护经济补偿范围,实现耕地保护经济补偿的动态化、精确化;在耕地保护经济补偿标准方面,基于耕地资源价值内涵重构,通过收益还原法、替代市场法等对耕地资源的分维度和综合价值进行了评估,确定了不同区域的耕地资源不同价值的理论补偿值,结合地方财政承受力确定了实际的经济补偿标准,并明晰了补偿资金的来源渠道。在经济补偿的具体方式方面,依据农户意愿调查中感知敏感的经济补偿标准、补偿方式、补偿依据等方面确定农户认可度高的形式。在经济补偿的区域协调方面,依据“效率优先”的原则优化布局,开展全面补偿和重点补偿,提高经济补偿资金的使用效率和耕地保护效率。研究构建的思路和方法理清了耕地保护经济补偿过程中地方政府和农户的利益关系,建立了耕地保护经济补偿模式。研究区域作为西南丘陵地区的典型代表,其经济补偿方案在西南丘陵地区具有很强的示范意义和推广价值。基于耕地保护经济补偿的复杂性,在应用时需要根据不同区域的不同情况进行地方财政收支能力、社会经济发展水平等的修正。综上所述,本文以耕地资源价值为切入点,通过重构耕地资源价值体系,核算静态时点及连续时间序列的耕地资产价值变化,明确了耕地资源价值内涵和耕地保护经济补偿机制建立的必要性。采用农户调查了解耕地保护经济补偿微观主体农户的意愿诉求,将土地价值意识纳入农户的补偿参与意愿分析,增强了经济补偿设计的针对性。基于耕地资源价值的补偿标准空间分异及补偿标准、范围的时间演变,设计了差异化、动态化的耕地保护经济补偿路径。同时,基于耕地保护补偿效率的空间时序划定及地方财政承受力的补偿路径调整,提高了耕地保护经济补偿的可行性。最终构建了基于耕地保护经济补偿范围变化调控、经济补偿标准差异化设计、经济补偿空间时序安排、经济补偿的农户意愿调查的系统的耕地保护经济补偿路径框架,明确了各个关键环节的技术和方法。本文的经济补偿标准修正和分区方法如何更好地服务于地方实际,案例研究如何更好地进行理论提炼,补偿重点区域如何聚焦才能更好地提升研究成果的精确性和针对性有待进一步加强,从而为政府耕地保护经济补偿政策的制定提供更为科学的依据。
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land resources, non-renewable scarce resources, is an important means of production and livelihood, related to national food security, ecological security, social stability and sustainable social and economic development. In the past, the protection of cultivated land mainly relied on the compulsory protection of law and administrative restraints, lacked attention to the externality of cultivated land protection, lacked incentives from relevant subjects, and seriously frustrated the conscious protection of local governments and farmers. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have realized the importance of promoting the protection of cultivated land by establishing the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land, and have issued policy documents to establish the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land. Practice. Academic circles have launched a heated discussion on the economic compensation of cultivated land protection. There have been studies on the large-scale compensation of cultivated land protection at the national or provincial level, or the compensation of cultivated land protection for the micro-protection subject at the peasant household level. There are few perspectives on different levels of collective area and peasant household, and no economic compensation for cultivated land protection has been formed. The theoretical system and research paradigm of multi-level and multi-factor system.The important theoretical basis of mechanism design,the value connotation of cultivated land resources is unclear,and there are great differences in which part of cultivated land value should be compensated.The exploration of compensation path is mainly in the theoretical level,lacking of regional differences and social and economic development. Based on the above-mentioned background, this study takes Chongqing as an example, which is a city-countryside co-existence pilot area, a big city and a big rural area, with sharp contradiction between human and land. It uses structural equation model, spatial data analysis, spatial econometric analysis, entropy weight improvement TOPSIS and CA-Ma to analyze the cultivated land assets. By using the rkov model and other methods, this paper explores the rational path of economic compensation for cultivated land protection from three aspects: the willingness of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the standard of economic compensation, and the time sequence of economic compensation space. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The real quantity of cultivated land resources in China is declining continuously, and the value of cultivated land resources is seriously distorted. It is urgent to establish a compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection.Although the national cultivated land resources stock is large, the per capita occupancy is small, the stock and per capita occupancy continue to decline.In 2013, the national cultivated land resources stock was 135.1634 million hm2, and the per capita cultivated land resources occupancy was only 0.099 hm2.Since 1998, the value of cultivated land resources in China has increased continuously. In 2007, 2010, the value stock in 2013 was 158.45 trillion yuan, 165.56 trillion yuan, 185.41 trillion yuan, 249.55 trillion yuan, 393.32 trillion yuan, 438.97 trillion yuan, respectively. The value flow of cultivated land resources in 1998-2013 was 280.52 trillion yuan. The value of the right to development increased the most, followed by the strategic value of national food security. The comparison of theoretical value and market value of source shows that the theoretical value of cultivated land is far greater than the market value of cultivated land in the same period. The gap mainly comes from the value of development right with externality and public goods characteristics, the strategic value of national food security and ecological value. The increase of cultivated land resource value is not only driven by the decrease of cultivated land quantity, but also by the increase of population, the change of non-agricultural land demand, the intervention of government and the change of social economic level. Only by manifesting the true value of cultivated land resources and giving subsidies to cultivated land protection subjects can we better mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of protection subjects to protect cultivated land. (2) In different regions, the willingness of different types of farmers to protect cultivated land and compensate for cultivated land is different. The willingness of farmers to participate in compensation for cultivated land protection is perceived by the change of cultivated land value, public awareness, and farmers. Farmers'perception of farmland value was low in the 1980s, and the dimension of cognition was relatively single. The highest degree of recognition was the agricultural production value of farmland. In the 1990s, the importance of cultivated land was weakened, the farmers'dependence on employment and old-age security was reduced, the value of the right to development was gradually valued, and the farmers' willingness to protect cultivated land was weakened. Farmers'willingness to protect arable land has risen since 1990's. There are significant differences among different types of farmers in different regions. The structural equation model of their willingness to participate in arable land protection compensation shows that farmers' characteristics, public awareness and farmer's arable land price are different. The perception of value change and preference have significant effects on farmers'willingness to participate in compensation. Among them, the number of labor force, the perception of agricultural production value change, the recognition of farmland importance and the economic compensation standard for farmland protection have the best explanations for these four types of exogenous latent variables respectively. Farmers'perception of farmland value changes is negatively correlated with their willingness to participate in compensation, indicating that farmers' willingness to protect farmland will be strong even without compensation when they perceive farmland value increases. Participants should respect the wishes of farmers and take the protection of cultivated land and the benefit of farmers as the premise. Through extensive publicity to enhance farmers'awareness of the importance of cultivated land, the grim situation and the policy of cultivated land protection, a reasonable compensation standard for cultivated land protection should be worked out. On the basis of government's ability to pay and public opinion, cash and insurance compensation should be adopted, supplemented by policy and technology and other diversified compensation methods to increase the flexibility of cultivated land protection compensation. The main grain producing areas, the basic farmland protection areas and the urban-rural fringe are the key areas of cultivated land protection incentives, while achieving better protection of high-quality cultivated land. (3) Based on the comprehensive price of cultivated land resources. The value of cultivated land comprehensive value compensation in the whole city takes the main urban area as the core area, decreases outward along the circle layer, and reaches the northeast of Chongqing, southeast of Chongqing to the lowest. On the whole, it presents the spatial pattern of "two circles and two wings, high in the West and low in the east". The compensation value of Heqianjiang region is higher than that of surrounding counties. The spatial correlation analysis shows that the compensation standard of cultivated land protection has significant positive correlation in space, that is, the counties with high compensation standard are adjacent to those with high compensation standard, and the counties with low compensation standard are adjacent to those with low compensation standard. The global Moran's I values of various compensation standards ranged from 0.4025 to 0.8519, which had a strong spatial correlation. In order to improve the feasibility of compensation, the elastic interval of compensation standards for cultivated land protection was established. The development right value of cultivated land resources is the lower limit of cultivated land protection compensation, the non-market value is the middle value of cultivated land protection compensation, and the comprehensive value is the upper limit of cultivated land protection compensation. The econometric analysis of farmer behavior on the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard shows that there is an obvious spatial agglomeration relationship between population factors and the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard. This spatial agglomeration feature also shows the spatial relationship between traffic location factors and cultivated land protection compensation standards. Therefore, the construction of the economic compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection should be based on the scientific evaluation of the value of regional cultivated land resources, combined with regional reality, formulate the elastic range of the differential economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the economic compensation for cultivated land protection. (4) According to the economic compensation efficiency of cultivated land protection, the cultivated land protection compensation should be defined. According to the cultivated land construction load, the priority of economic compensation for cultivated land protection in 37 districts and counties in Chongqing was determined, and the compensation for cultivated land protection in Chongqing was divided into three regions: priority compensation area, secondary compensation area and so on. The three regions are 12, 14 and 11 counties, accounting for 32.36%, 37.14% and 30.50% of the total cultivated land area of the city. There are significant differences among the three regions in terms of cultivated land resources endowment, regional development positioning and the support of constructive compensation for municipal cultivated land. In the time sequence of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the first pilot areas and pilot areas of economic compensation for cultivated land protection were set up respectively, and the first and second compensation areas were mostly urban suburban areas with better location, and cash plus insurance was available for farmers. Compensation should be given priority to, appropriate allocation of arable land protection, and preferential credit policies for modern agriculture; while some counties in the secondary compensation area and the critical compensation area are mostly counties far from the economic, social and political center of Chongqing, incentive compensation should be mainly cash plus insurance compensation, and appropriate allocation of technical compensation to improve the agricultural "hematopoiesis" in the reserve construction area. (5) The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods of cultivated land protection constructed in this study are reasonable and feasible, but they should be revised in different regions. The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods are proved to be reasonable and feasible in Jiangjin District of Chongqing. In terms of economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection, land use change is dynamically monitored by remote sensing interpretation technology and GIS technology, and economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection in future years is predicted by CA-Markov model to realize cultivated land protection economy. In terms of the economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, based on the reconstruction of the connotation of cultivated land resources value, the income reduction method is adopted.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.211
，
本文编号：2190632
[Abstract]:Cultivated land is the essence of land resources, non-renewable scarce resources, is an important means of production and livelihood, related to national food security, ecological security, social stability and sustainable social and economic development. In the past, the protection of cultivated land mainly relied on the compulsory protection of law and administrative restraints, lacked attention to the externality of cultivated land protection, lacked incentives from relevant subjects, and seriously frustrated the conscious protection of local governments and farmers. The Party Central Committee and the State Council have realized the importance of promoting the protection of cultivated land by establishing the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land, and have issued policy documents to establish the incentive mechanism for the protection of cultivated land. Practice. Academic circles have launched a heated discussion on the economic compensation of cultivated land protection. There have been studies on the large-scale compensation of cultivated land protection at the national or provincial level, or the compensation of cultivated land protection for the micro-protection subject at the peasant household level. There are few perspectives on different levels of collective area and peasant household, and no economic compensation for cultivated land protection has been formed. The theoretical system and research paradigm of multi-level and multi-factor system.The important theoretical basis of mechanism design,the value connotation of cultivated land resources is unclear,and there are great differences in which part of cultivated land value should be compensated.The exploration of compensation path is mainly in the theoretical level,lacking of regional differences and social and economic development. Based on the above-mentioned background, this study takes Chongqing as an example, which is a city-countryside co-existence pilot area, a big city and a big rural area, with sharp contradiction between human and land. It uses structural equation model, spatial data analysis, spatial econometric analysis, entropy weight improvement TOPSIS and CA-Ma to analyze the cultivated land assets. By using the rkov model and other methods, this paper explores the rational path of economic compensation for cultivated land protection from three aspects: the willingness of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the standard of economic compensation, and the time sequence of economic compensation space. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The real quantity of cultivated land resources in China is declining continuously, and the value of cultivated land resources is seriously distorted. It is urgent to establish a compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection.Although the national cultivated land resources stock is large, the per capita occupancy is small, the stock and per capita occupancy continue to decline.In 2013, the national cultivated land resources stock was 135.1634 million hm2, and the per capita cultivated land resources occupancy was only 0.099 hm2.Since 1998, the value of cultivated land resources in China has increased continuously. In 2007, 2010, the value stock in 2013 was 158.45 trillion yuan, 165.56 trillion yuan, 185.41 trillion yuan, 249.55 trillion yuan, 393.32 trillion yuan, 438.97 trillion yuan, respectively. The value flow of cultivated land resources in 1998-2013 was 280.52 trillion yuan. The value of the right to development increased the most, followed by the strategic value of national food security. The comparison of theoretical value and market value of source shows that the theoretical value of cultivated land is far greater than the market value of cultivated land in the same period. The gap mainly comes from the value of development right with externality and public goods characteristics, the strategic value of national food security and ecological value. The increase of cultivated land resource value is not only driven by the decrease of cultivated land quantity, but also by the increase of population, the change of non-agricultural land demand, the intervention of government and the change of social economic level. Only by manifesting the true value of cultivated land resources and giving subsidies to cultivated land protection subjects can we better mobilize the initiative and enthusiasm of protection subjects to protect cultivated land. (2) In different regions, the willingness of different types of farmers to protect cultivated land and compensate for cultivated land is different. The willingness of farmers to participate in compensation for cultivated land protection is perceived by the change of cultivated land value, public awareness, and farmers. Farmers'perception of farmland value was low in the 1980s, and the dimension of cognition was relatively single. The highest degree of recognition was the agricultural production value of farmland. In the 1990s, the importance of cultivated land was weakened, the farmers'dependence on employment and old-age security was reduced, the value of the right to development was gradually valued, and the farmers' willingness to protect cultivated land was weakened. Farmers'willingness to protect arable land has risen since 1990's. There are significant differences among different types of farmers in different regions. The structural equation model of their willingness to participate in arable land protection compensation shows that farmers' characteristics, public awareness and farmer's arable land price are different. The perception of value change and preference have significant effects on farmers'willingness to participate in compensation. Among them, the number of labor force, the perception of agricultural production value change, the recognition of farmland importance and the economic compensation standard for farmland protection have the best explanations for these four types of exogenous latent variables respectively. Farmers'perception of farmland value changes is negatively correlated with their willingness to participate in compensation, indicating that farmers' willingness to protect farmland will be strong even without compensation when they perceive farmland value increases. Participants should respect the wishes of farmers and take the protection of cultivated land and the benefit of farmers as the premise. Through extensive publicity to enhance farmers'awareness of the importance of cultivated land, the grim situation and the policy of cultivated land protection, a reasonable compensation standard for cultivated land protection should be worked out. On the basis of government's ability to pay and public opinion, cash and insurance compensation should be adopted, supplemented by policy and technology and other diversified compensation methods to increase the flexibility of cultivated land protection compensation. The main grain producing areas, the basic farmland protection areas and the urban-rural fringe are the key areas of cultivated land protection incentives, while achieving better protection of high-quality cultivated land. (3) Based on the comprehensive price of cultivated land resources. The value of cultivated land comprehensive value compensation in the whole city takes the main urban area as the core area, decreases outward along the circle layer, and reaches the northeast of Chongqing, southeast of Chongqing to the lowest. On the whole, it presents the spatial pattern of "two circles and two wings, high in the West and low in the east". The compensation value of Heqianjiang region is higher than that of surrounding counties. The spatial correlation analysis shows that the compensation standard of cultivated land protection has significant positive correlation in space, that is, the counties with high compensation standard are adjacent to those with high compensation standard, and the counties with low compensation standard are adjacent to those with low compensation standard. The global Moran's I values of various compensation standards ranged from 0.4025 to 0.8519, which had a strong spatial correlation. In order to improve the feasibility of compensation, the elastic interval of compensation standards for cultivated land protection was established. The development right value of cultivated land resources is the lower limit of cultivated land protection compensation, the non-market value is the middle value of cultivated land protection compensation, and the comprehensive value is the upper limit of cultivated land protection compensation. The econometric analysis of farmer behavior on the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard shows that there is an obvious spatial agglomeration relationship between population factors and the spatial differentiation of cultivated land protection compensation standard. This spatial agglomeration feature also shows the spatial relationship between traffic location factors and cultivated land protection compensation standards. Therefore, the construction of the economic compensation mechanism for cultivated land protection should be based on the scientific evaluation of the value of regional cultivated land resources, combined with regional reality, formulate the elastic range of the differential economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, and improve the pertinence and effectiveness of the economic compensation for cultivated land protection. (4) According to the economic compensation efficiency of cultivated land protection, the cultivated land protection compensation should be defined. According to the cultivated land construction load, the priority of economic compensation for cultivated land protection in 37 districts and counties in Chongqing was determined, and the compensation for cultivated land protection in Chongqing was divided into three regions: priority compensation area, secondary compensation area and so on. The three regions are 12, 14 and 11 counties, accounting for 32.36%, 37.14% and 30.50% of the total cultivated land area of the city. There are significant differences among the three regions in terms of cultivated land resources endowment, regional development positioning and the support of constructive compensation for municipal cultivated land. In the time sequence of economic compensation for cultivated land protection, the first pilot areas and pilot areas of economic compensation for cultivated land protection were set up respectively, and the first and second compensation areas were mostly urban suburban areas with better location, and cash plus insurance was available for farmers. Compensation should be given priority to, appropriate allocation of arable land protection, and preferential credit policies for modern agriculture; while some counties in the secondary compensation area and the critical compensation area are mostly counties far from the economic, social and political center of Chongqing, incentive compensation should be mainly cash plus insurance compensation, and appropriate allocation of technical compensation to improve the agricultural "hematopoiesis" in the reserve construction area. (5) The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods of cultivated land protection constructed in this study are reasonable and feasible, but they should be revised in different regions. The economic compensation ideas and key technical methods are proved to be reasonable and feasible in Jiangjin District of Chongqing. In terms of economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection, land use change is dynamically monitored by remote sensing interpretation technology and GIS technology, and economic compensation scope of cultivated land protection in future years is predicted by CA-Markov model to realize cultivated land protection economy. In terms of the economic compensation standard for cultivated land protection, based on the reconstruction of the connotation of cultivated land resources value, the income reduction method is adopted.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F323.211
，
本文编号：2190632
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