西安市公共建筑能耗定额技术方法研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 19:16

【摘要】：据统计,中国国内年新增建筑面积达20亿平方米,占全球年建筑面积新增总量的50%以上。近十几年来,公共建筑运行能耗增长率达220%,已占全国建筑总能耗四分之一以上,带来了巨大的经济问题与环境问题。因此,开展关于公共建筑节能工作方面的研究,制定适于我国国情或地区情况的公共建筑能耗定额,挖掘我国公共建筑节能潜力,已成为当前我国应对能源供给紧张现状,确保我国环境可持续发展的重要课题,对当前我国国民经济持续稳定发展,具有重要的战略意义与现实意义。制定合理的能耗定额值,可为建筑用能超额提价及节能改造提供执行标准,然而,由于各地区经济发展、气候特征、文化差异、用能结构等诸多因素影响,导致普适性的能耗定额指标难以建立,定额政策难以推广,本文通过调查研究西安市公共建筑的能耗现状和用能水平,从能耗影响因素显著性着手,制定符合西安地方特色的公共建筑分类能耗定额值,提出了一种较为科学合理的能耗定额技术方法。首先,通过现场调研获取了西安市153栋公共建筑的建筑基本信息、设备系统信息、能耗数据及建筑用能行为信息等基础数据。通过对数据筛选和有效性检验,最终筛选出130栋公共建筑进行深入研究。通过对130栋公共建筑的能耗数据的统计分析,研究不同使用功能建筑的能耗水平差异,揭示了政府办公建筑、商业写字楼、酒店建筑、商场建筑的能耗特征分布规律。通过对建筑信息数据的提取,得到影响建筑能耗的相关因素。本研究分别从多因素和单因素的角度,采用灰关联分析和敏感性分析相结合的方法,对能耗影响因素进行显著性研究,综合比较,确定建筑设计指标值窗墙比及设备系统参数空调COP为政府办公建筑的显著影响因素,窗墙比、遮阳系数及空调COP为商业写字楼的显著影响因素。为确定合理的建筑能耗定额水平奠定基础。基于上述分析,本文以灰关联系数为聚类指标对建筑进行聚类分析,根据最终聚类中心值判断典型建筑特征:即各影响因素对能耗的影响程度均较大,并且人员行为因素对能耗的影响较小。对筛选出的具有典型性的公共建筑进一步作标准化计算,将实际运行工况与标准运行工况最接近的样本作为典型建筑。在典型建筑的基础上,通过软件模拟建立标准建筑模型,最终获得公共建筑能耗定额的建议值:政府办公建筑(分体空调形式)40 KWh/(m~2·a);政府办公建筑(集中空调形式)58 KWh/(m~2·a);商业写字楼72 KWh/(m~2·a);酒店建筑125 KWh/(m~2·a);百货商场建筑145 KWh/(m~2·a);超市建筑180 KWh/(m~2·a)。对比国内外现有相关研究数据,本研究成果合理有效,为本地区进一步开展建筑节能总量控制目标奠定了坚实的科学基础。本文开展了建筑用能行为模式分析研究,针对空调设备、照明设备及办公设备等使用模式进行归类量化,将人员行为模式转换成建筑整体运行模式,即相对节能和相对浪费两种运行模式。基于这两种模式,定量分析商业写字楼这两种模式下能耗的差异,计算用能模式优度为19.5%,据此提出可将西安市商业写字楼能耗定额值修正为58 kwh/m2。研究揭示了行为模式对能耗水平及能耗定额的影响,为建筑用能模式及建筑能耗控制研究提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:According to statistics, China's new building area is 2 billion square meters a year, accounting for more than 50% of the world's new annual building area. In the past decade, the growth rate of energy consumption in public buildings has reached 220%, accounting for more than one quarter of the total building energy consumption in China, bringing about huge economic and environmental problems. It has become an important task for China to cope with the current situation of energy supply shortage and ensure the sustainable development of China's environment to formulate the energy consumption quota of public buildings suitable for China's national or regional conditions and tap the energy-saving potential of public buildings. Establishing a reasonable energy consumption quota can provide implementation standards for excessive price increase and energy-saving renovation of building energy. However, due to economic development, climate characteristics, cultural differences, energy structure and many other factors, it is difficult to establish a universal energy consumption quota index, and the quota policy is difficult to promote. This paper studies the energy consumption status and energy consumption level of public buildings in Xi'an. Starting from the significance of energy consumption influencing factors, it establishes the classified energy consumption quota of public buildings in accordance with the local characteristics of Xi'an, and puts forward a more scientific and reasonable technical method of energy consumption quota. Information, equipment system information, energy consumption data and building energy consumption behavior information and other basic data. Through data screening and validity testing, 130 public buildings were selected for in-depth study. Through the statistical analysis of energy consumption data of 130 public buildings, the differences in energy consumption levels of different functional buildings were studied, and the government was revealed. Distribution law of energy consumption characteristics of office buildings, commercial office buildings, hotel buildings and shopping malls. Relevant factors affecting building energy consumption were obtained by extracting building information data. Based on the above analysis, this paper establishes the grey relation between the building energy consumption quota level and the building energy consumption quota level. The coefficient is the clustering index to cluster the buildings, and the typical building characteristics are judged according to the final clustering center value: each factor has a greater impact on energy consumption, and the impact of human behavior factors on energy consumption is smaller. On the basis of typical buildings, a standard building model is established by software simulation, and the recommended values of energy consumption quota for public buildings are obtained: 40 KWh /(m~2.a) for government office buildings (split air conditioning); 58 KWh /(m~2.a) for government office buildings (centralized air conditioning); 7 for commercial office buildings. 2 KWh /(m~2.a); 125 KWh /(m~2.a) for hotel buildings; 145 KWh /(m~2.a) for Department stores; 180 KWh /(m~2.a) for supermarkets. Compared with the existing research data at home and abroad, the results of this study are reasonable and effective, which lays a solid scientific foundation for the further development of building energy-saving total control objectives in this region. Based on the analysis of the two modes, the difference of energy consumption between the two modes is quantitatively analyzed and the energy consumption is calculated. The model excellence is 19.5%. It is proposed that the energy consumption quota of commercial office buildings in Xi'an can be revised to 58 kwh/m2.
【学位授予单位】：西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：TU111.195

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