基于发现问题的初中数学“综合与实践”教学设计研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 08:42

【摘要】：全球知识经济的蓬发迎来了数学大发展的时代,其中最受瞩目的要数数学应用的空前发展以及学生在数学学习中创新意识的培养,我国的课程改革为了响应知识经济时代的要求和适应数学课程的价值取向,将“两能”变为“四能”(即发现和提出问题的能力、分析和解决问题的能力)纳入课程总目标的表述内容中,将“实践与综合应用”变为“综合与实践”与“数与代数”、“图形与几何”、“统计与概率”共同组成每个学段的课程内容。课标要求第三学段的学生通过“综合与实践”的学习,逐渐学会在具体的情境中从数学的角度发现问题、提出问题,增强创新意识。如何有效的利用“综合与实践”这个平台,让学生在营造的轻松、愉快的数学氛围中发现问题,从而达到培养学生发现问题的能力与意识的目的成了一线教师必须直面的问题。本文采用文献研究法、理论分析法、案例分析法和访谈法对发现问题和“综合与实践”的相关概念进行界定、讨论了研究的可行性,探讨了基于发现问题的初中数学“综合与实践”的教学设计的原则和方法,本文主要分为三个部分。第一部分,在查阅资料的基础上,利用理论分析法对“综合与实践”、“发现问题”的概念进行界定,紧接着分别从“综合与实践”过程中经历了发现问题、为发现问题提供了平台以及对发现问题的要求等三个方面阐述了“综合与实践”领域培养学生发现问题的能力的可行性。第二部分,利用理论分析法对杜威“做中学”理论、弗莱登塔尔“数学化”与“再创造”理论、布鲁纳的发现学习理论、建构主义理论进行分析,探讨基于发现问题的初中数学“综合与实践”教学设计的原则,即教学民主原则、适应性原则、创造性原则、发现性原则。利用案例分析法对“综合与实践”、培养发现问题的能力的教学案例进行分析,建设性的提出了联系生活创设数学探究情境,激发学生发现问题的兴趣、从类比、联想中发现问题、从图形的变换中发现问题、从寻求问题解决的不同方法中发现问题和从小结与反思中发现问题等一些适用于基于发现问题的初中数学“综合与实践”教学设计的方法。第三部分,是按照基于发现问题的初中数学“综合与实践”教学设计的原则和方法,从教学内容分析、学情分析、教学目标与重难点分析、教学过程设计以及教学设计说明等对北师版“探寻神奇的幻方”进行教学设计,并以重庆市某中学七年级的学生为对象进行课后访谈。
[Abstract]:The global knowledge economy has ushered in the era of great development of mathematics, among which the most noticeable is the unprecedented development of mathematics application and the cultivation of students' innovative consciousness in mathematics learning. In order to respond to the demands of the era of knowledge economy and adapt to the value orientation of mathematics curriculum, the curriculum reform of our country turns "two energy" into "four energy" (that is, the ability to find and raise problems). The ability to analyze and solve problems is included in the expression of the overall objective of the course, changing "practice and comprehensive application" into "synthesis and practice" and "number and algebra", "graphics and geometry". Statistics and probability together form the content of each course. The curriculum standard requires the students of the third learning section to learn from the "synthesis and practice" to gradually learn to find problems from the point of view of mathematics in specific situations, to raise problems, and to enhance their consciousness of innovation. How to make effective use of the platform of "synthesis and practice", so that students can find problems in the relaxed and pleasant mathematical atmosphere, so as to cultivate students' ability and consciousness to find problems has become a problem that teachers must face directly. This article uses the literature research method, the theory analysis method, the case analysis method and the interview method to define the discovery problem and the related concepts of "synthesis and practice", and discusses the feasibility of the research. This paper probes into the principles and methods of teaching design of "synthesis and practice" in junior high school mathematics based on problem finding, which is divided into three parts. The first part defines the concepts of "synthesis and practice" and "discovery problem" by means of theoretical analysis on the basis of consulting data, and then experiences the discovery of problems from the process of "synthesis and practice", respectively. This paper provides a platform for discovering problems and expounds the feasibility of cultivating students' ability to discover problems in the field of "synthesis and practice". In the second part, the author analyzes Dewey's theory of "doing middle school", Friedenthal's theory of "mathematics" and "re-creation", Bruner's theory of discovery learning and constructivism theory. This paper discusses the principles of "synthesis and practice" teaching design of junior high school mathematics based on discovering problems, that is, the principles of teaching democracy, adaptability, creativity and discovery. By using the method of case analysis, this paper analyzes the teaching cases of "synthesis and practice" to cultivate the ability of discovering problems, and constructively puts forward the idea of creating mathematics inquiry situation in connection with life, arousing students' interest in finding problems. Finding problems in association, finding problems in the transformation of graphics, Some teaching methods such as finding problems from different methods of seeking problem solving and finding problems from summary and reflection are suitable for the teaching design of "synthesis and practice" in junior high school mathematics based on discovering problems. In the third part, according to the principles and methods of the "synthesis and practice" teaching design of junior high school mathematics based on the problem finding, from the analysis of teaching content, the analysis of learning situation, the analysis of teaching objectives and difficulties, The design of teaching process and the instruction of teaching design are designed to explore the magic square of Bei teacher's edition, and the students of seventh grade in a middle school in Chongqing are interviewed after class.
【学位授予单位】：重庆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G633.6

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