基于GIS的丹江口核心水源区生态文明评价研究

发布时间：2018-09-13 09:35

【摘要】：党的十八大提出要大力推进生态文明建设,生态文明评价则是支持其建设的基础性工作。当前,众多学者和各级政府致力于生态文明评价的研究中,但关于水源区的生态文明评价还比较少。丹江口核心水源区作为南水北调中线工程的重要组成,2014年11月已正式开始向北方输水,为了完成"一库清水永续北送"的任务,水源区的水域状况、生态健康显得尤为重要。本文以丹江口核心水源区作为研究对象,基于GIS技术,从社会经济、生态环境、生态水域三个层面构建评价指标体系,选择行政区划和各子流域作为评价单元,估算分析了研究区生态文明状况,对水源区生态文明发展提出相关建议。本文的创新主要在两个方面,指标体系是生态文明评价的基础,当前的生态文明指标体系多是从经济、社会、环境三个系统进行指标选择。为了突出水源地水域状况的重要性,本文在在指标构建时,从影响水资源的两个重要因素水质、水量方面分别选择合适的因子指标,构建了适用于水源区的生态文明评价指标体系。评价单元选取的合理与否直接影响生态文明评价的结果,已有的研究主要基于行政区划尺度进行评价,未能超越行政区域的人为界限。本文在评价单元选择上,一方面基于行政区划尺度以水源区所覆盖的各个县区为评价单元,另一方面又通过GIS技术对水源区进行流域划分,以各个子流域作为评价单元,两种评价单元结合,更好的反映水源区的生态文明状况。本文研究主要内容如下:(1)指标体系构建。结合研究区现状,基于层次分析法,从社会经济、生态环境、生态水域三个方面构建包括指三个二级指标,八个三级指标,26个单因子指标的丹江口核心水源区生态文明评价指标体系,并基于AHP计算各指标的权重值。(2)评价单元确定。通过对当前生态文明评价单元进行分析比较,选取行政区划单元和流域单元作为本研究的评价单元。其中,行政单元是指研究区所涵盖的10个市、县、区。流域单元是基于DEM,运用GIS水文分析,通过提取研究区的水系网络,计算流向、汇流累积量等水文参数,将研究区划分为11个子流域。(3)丹江口核心水源区生态文明因子—社会经济发展评价。基于GIS技术、统计数据和基础地理数据,从经济发展、社会发展、区位优势三个方面,对各个评价单元的社会经济发展水平进行分析。结果表明,两个时期各个区县、各个流域的社会经济发展程度均呈增加趋势,但各区域间发展水平不平衡。十堰市、丹江口市、邓州市、泗河流域、汉江流域和堵河流域的社会经济发展程度较高,其它地区与流域的社会经济发展程度则比较低。(4)丹江口核心水源区生态文明因子—生态环境评价。以研究区两个时期的土地利用数据和DEM数据为支撑,结合GIS技术,从生态敏感度、资源丰度两个方面,分析各个评价单元的生态环境质量。对各个区县来讲,白河县、竹溪县、竹山县、房县、郧西县的生态环境质量较好;而十堰市、丹江口市和邓州市的生态环境质量则相对较差。对各个流域来讲,生态环境质量最好的是霍河流域和官渡河流域,相对较差的是泗河流域、滔河流域和丹江流域。(5)丹江口核心水源区生态文明因子—生态水域评价。将各个断面的水质监测结果进行插值得到整个研究区的水质监测评价图,运用通用土壤流失方程估算研究区的土壤侵蚀量,基于水质监测和土壤侵蚀综合评价研究区的水质。以遥感影像提取的水面积代表水量的多少,选取人均水面积、水面积总量、水面积比例近似评估研究区的水资源丰度。分析表明,丹江口市、淅川县、老灌河流域、滔河流域的生态水域状况最好,水质清洁,水量丰富;其次是郧阳区、丹江流域、天河流域和汉江流域;十堰市、邓州市、泗河流域、官渡河流域的生态水域状况则相对较差。(6)丹江口核心水源区生态文明综合评价。以两个时期的社会经济、生态环境、生态水域三大因子评价结果为基础数据,结合各因子权重,运用GIS技术叠加计算出丹江口核心水源区的生态文明指数,分区统计各个行政单元、各个流域的生态文明指数,并对计算结果进行分级。通过分析三大因子对丹江口核心水源区生态文明发展的影响,结合各个区县、各个流域的特点,对各县、各流域提出了促进其生态文明发展的建议。
[Abstract]:At present, many scholars and governments at all levels are devoted to the study of the evaluation of ecological civilization, but the evaluation of ecological civilization in the water source area is still relatively small. The core water source area of Danjiangkou is the most important part of the Middle Route Project of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project. In order to accomplish the task of "transporting clear water from one reservoir to the North sustainably", the ecological health of the water source area is particularly important. The innovation of this paper is mainly in two aspects. The index system is the basis of the evaluation of ecological civilization. At present, the index system of ecological civilization is mostly from the three systems of economy, society and environment. In order to highlight the importance of water resources, this paper chooses two important factors of water resources, water quality and water quantity, and builds an evaluation index system of ecological civilization suitable for water sources. The results of ecological civilization evaluation are mainly based on the administrative divisions, but not beyond the artificial boundaries of the administrative areas. In this paper, the evaluation unit selection is based on the administrative divisions, on the one hand, each county covered by the water source area is taken as the evaluation unit, on the other hand, the water source area is divided into river basins by GIS technology. The main contents of this paper are as follows: (1) Establishment of index system. Combining with the current situation of the study area and based on the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the construction of three secondary indexes, namely, social economy, ecological environment and ecological waters, is made up of three secondary indexes, eight indexes. The evaluation index system of ecological civilization in the core water source area of Danjiangkou with three-level index and 26 single-factor index is established, and the weights of each index are calculated based on AHP. (2) The evaluation unit is determined. Basin unit is based on DEM, using GIS hydrological analysis, by extracting water network, calculating flow direction, confluence cumulative amount and other hydrological parameters, the study area is divided into 11 sub-basins. (3) Evaluation of ecological civilization factor-social and economic development of Danjiangkou core water source area. Statistical data and basic geographic data are used to analyze the social and economic development level of each evaluation unit from three aspects of economic development, social development and geographical advantages. The social and economic development of Kou, Dengzhou, Sihe, Hanjiang and Duanhe river valleys is relatively high, while that of other areas and river valleys is relatively low. (4) Ecological civilization factor-ecological environment evaluation of Danjiangkou core water source area. The ecological environment quality of each evaluation unit is analyzed from two aspects of ecological sensitivity and resource abundance. For each district and county, the ecological environment quality of Baihe County, Zhuxi County, Zhushan County, Fangxian County and Yunxi County is better, while the ecological environment quality of Shiyan City, Danjiangkou City and Dengzhou City is relatively poor. The best quality is Huo River Basin and Guandu River Basin, the worst is Sihe River Basin, Taohe River Basin and Danjiang River Basin. (5) Evaluation of ecological civilization factor-ecological water area in Danjiangkou core water source area. Based on the water quality monitoring and Soil Erosion Comprehensive evaluation, the soil erosion amount in the study area was estimated. The water area per capita, the total water area and the proportion of water area were selected to approximate evaluate the water resources abundance in the study area. The ecological waters of Taohe River Basin are the best with clean water quality and abundant water, followed by Yunyang District, Danjiang River Basin, Tianhe River Basin and Hanjiang River Basin, while the ecological waters of Shiyan City, Dengzhou City, Sihe River Basin and Guandu River Basin are relatively poor. (6) Comprehensive evaluation of ecological civilization in the core water source area of Danjiangkou. The ecological civilization index of the core water source area of Danjiangkou was calculated by GIS technology, and the ecological civilization index of each administrative unit and each river basin was counted by zoning. The results were graded by analyzing the three factors. The influence of the development of ecological civilization in the water source area, combined with the characteristics of each district, county and river basin, put forward suggestions to promote the development of ecological civilization in each county and river basin.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X821;P208

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