高考化学图像题的统计分析及教学策略研究
发布时间：2018-10-14 15:49
【摘要】：高考是国家选拔人才的途径,也是对学生高中阶段学习成果的检测。各学科的高考试题一直是研究者们关注的重点,化学学科的试题一向非常重视理论与实际的紧密联系,关注与化学有关的科学技术、社会经济和生态环境的协调发展,以促进学生在知识与技能、过程与方法、情感态度与价值观等方面的全面提高。近年来,高考化学试题的命制一直遵循“稳中有变,变中有新”的原则,保证命题立意科学化、能力考查多样化、材料选择特色化,不断推动高考的科学化、公正化和公平化。本研究采用文本分析法、统计比较法和教师访谈法,以化学图像题为研究对象,对近五年全国大纲卷、新课标卷及北京、上海、浙江、福建等12个省市自主命制的高考理综试卷(化学部分)中的化学图像题进行了统计分析和比较研究,试图在数据统计的基础上对试题数量、分值和内容等进行定性和定量研究,探索高考化学的命题趋势,对高考化学教学和备考提供一定的数据参考。同时,结合具体的高考真题典例对化学图像题的命制技术进行了深入探讨,旨在为化学图像题的命制和研究提供一定的技术支持。此外,针对化学图像题的教学现状对23名不同地区、不同层次的高中化学教师进行了深入访谈,并根据访谈结果和分析提出了对应的教学策略,希望能给高中化学教学提供一定的理论启示。本文共包括七个部分。第一部分是绪论,主要阐述研究的缘由、现状、目的、意义、内容和方法；第二部分是对化学图像题的概述,对相关概念进行了界定,分析了化学图像题的特点、类型和功能；第三部分是对近五年各省市、各类型高考化学图像题的数据统计和初步分析,还对综合型化学图像题进行了单独统计和分析；第四部分对数据从数量、分值和内容三个维度进行分析,发现化学图像题在高考中的比重越来越大,且图像种类越来越多样化,呈现形式越来越综合化。第五部分结合具体高考真题典例对化学图像题的命制技术进行探讨,发现高考化学图像题的命题重点关注生活生产实际,能够充分体现“能力立意”的原则,充分体现三维目标的要求。第六部分是针对高中化学图像题教学现状的教师访谈和分析,并根据数据分析和访谈结果提出了五条教学策略。第七部分是研究结论与反思,包括研究结论、研究启示、研究创新、研究不足和研究展望。
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is not only a way to select talents, but also a test of students' learning achievement in senior high school. The college entrance examination questions of various disciplines have always been the focus of attention of researchers. The chemistry examination questions have always attached great importance to the close connection between theory and practice, and to the coordinated development of science and technology, social economy and ecological environment related to chemistry. In order to promote the students in knowledge and skills, process and methods, emotional attitudes and values and other aspects of the overall improvement. In recent years, the life system of chemical examination questions of college entrance examination has always followed the principle of "change in stability and new in change", which ensures the scientific meaning of proposition, the diversification of ability examination, the characteristic of material selection, and promotes the scientization, justice and fairness of college entrance examination. This study adopts text analysis method, statistical comparison method and teacher interview method, taking the chemical image title as the research object, taking the national outline volume, the new curriculum mark volume and Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province as the research objects in the recent five years. This paper makes a statistical analysis and comparative study on the chemical image questions in the college entrance examination paper (chemistry part), which is independently ordered by 12 provinces and cities in Fujian and other provinces and cities, and attempts to carry out qualitative and quantitative research on the quantity, score and content of the test questions on the basis of data statistics. This paper explores the tendency of college entrance examination chemistry proposition, and provides some data reference for college entrance examination chemistry teaching and preparation. At the same time, combining with the actual examples of the college entrance examination, the paper makes a deep discussion on the life system of chemical image questions, in order to provide certain technical support for the design and research of chemical image questions. In addition, 23 senior high school chemistry teachers from different areas and different levels were interviewed according to the present situation of chemistry image teaching, and the corresponding teaching strategies were put forward according to the interview results and analysis. Hope can provide certain theory enlightenment to chemistry teaching in senior high school. This paper consists of seven parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly elaborates the reason, the present situation, the purpose, the significance, the content and the method, the second part is the outline of the chemical image question, has carried on the definition to the related concept, has analyzed the chemical image question characteristic, the type and the function; The third part is about the data statistics and preliminary analysis of various types of chemical images of college entrance examination in recent five years, and also makes separate statistics and analysis on the comprehensive chemical image problems. The fourth part is about the quantity of data. By analyzing the three dimensions of score and content, it is found that the proportion of chemical image questions in the college entrance examination is increasing, and the types of images are becoming more and more diversified, and the form of presentation is becoming more and more comprehensive. In the fifth part, the author discusses the life system technology of chemical image questions by combining with the real examples of college entrance examination, and finds out that the proposition of chemical image questions of college entrance examination focuses on the reality of life production and can fully reflect the principle of "ability to think". Fully reflect the requirements of three-dimensional targets. The sixth part is about the teachers' interview and analysis on the current situation of chemistry picture teaching in senior high school, and puts forward five teaching strategies according to the data analysis and interview results. The seventh part is the research conclusion and reflection, including the research conclusion, the research enlightenment, the research innovation, the research insufficiency and the research prospect.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8
本文编号：2270916
[Abstract]:College entrance examination is not only a way to select talents, but also a test of students' learning achievement in senior high school. The college entrance examination questions of various disciplines have always been the focus of attention of researchers. The chemistry examination questions have always attached great importance to the close connection between theory and practice, and to the coordinated development of science and technology, social economy and ecological environment related to chemistry. In order to promote the students in knowledge and skills, process and methods, emotional attitudes and values and other aspects of the overall improvement. In recent years, the life system of chemical examination questions of college entrance examination has always followed the principle of "change in stability and new in change", which ensures the scientific meaning of proposition, the diversification of ability examination, the characteristic of material selection, and promotes the scientization, justice and fairness of college entrance examination. This study adopts text analysis method, statistical comparison method and teacher interview method, taking the chemical image title as the research object, taking the national outline volume, the new curriculum mark volume and Beijing, Shanghai, Zhejiang Province as the research objects in the recent five years. This paper makes a statistical analysis and comparative study on the chemical image questions in the college entrance examination paper (chemistry part), which is independently ordered by 12 provinces and cities in Fujian and other provinces and cities, and attempts to carry out qualitative and quantitative research on the quantity, score and content of the test questions on the basis of data statistics. This paper explores the tendency of college entrance examination chemistry proposition, and provides some data reference for college entrance examination chemistry teaching and preparation. At the same time, combining with the actual examples of the college entrance examination, the paper makes a deep discussion on the life system of chemical image questions, in order to provide certain technical support for the design and research of chemical image questions. In addition, 23 senior high school chemistry teachers from different areas and different levels were interviewed according to the present situation of chemistry image teaching, and the corresponding teaching strategies were put forward according to the interview results and analysis. Hope can provide certain theory enlightenment to chemistry teaching in senior high school. This paper consists of seven parts. The first part is the introduction, mainly elaborates the reason, the present situation, the purpose, the significance, the content and the method, the second part is the outline of the chemical image question, has carried on the definition to the related concept, has analyzed the chemical image question characteristic, the type and the function; The third part is about the data statistics and preliminary analysis of various types of chemical images of college entrance examination in recent five years, and also makes separate statistics and analysis on the comprehensive chemical image problems. The fourth part is about the quantity of data. By analyzing the three dimensions of score and content, it is found that the proportion of chemical image questions in the college entrance examination is increasing, and the types of images are becoming more and more diversified, and the form of presentation is becoming more and more comprehensive. In the fifth part, the author discusses the life system technology of chemical image questions by combining with the real examples of college entrance examination, and finds out that the proposition of chemical image questions of college entrance examination focuses on the reality of life production and can fully reflect the principle of "ability to think". Fully reflect the requirements of three-dimensional targets. The sixth part is about the teachers' interview and analysis on the current situation of chemistry picture teaching in senior high school, and puts forward five teaching strategies according to the data analysis and interview results. The seventh part is the research conclusion and reflection, including the research conclusion, the research enlightenment, the research innovation, the research insufficiency and the research prospect.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G633.8
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，本文编号：2270916
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