焦家金成矿带土壤重金属反演计算及健康风险评估

发布时间：2018-11-10 15:48

【摘要】：黄金作为稀有的重金属之一,以其储量少和独特理化性质在国际金融经济和工业生产中起到了无可替代的作用。而金矿的开采会不可避免的引发一系列的环境问题,例如地面塌陷、土壤重金属含量超标以及粉尘污染等。现阶段多使用化学方法测量土壤中重金属元素含量,但是传统的化学测定方法花费较大且应用面狭小,无法大面积的开展监测,大大限制了对矿区周边土壤环境的实时监测。因此如何快速高效的对矿区周围的土壤重金属含量进行监测,同时预测重金属元素对人体健康的危害等级,是当前研究的热门方向。而高光谱遥感技术以其精准的分辨率和获取数据的实时性,为土壤中重金属元素含量的监测提供了新的解决途径,同时也为计算重金属元素对人体健康危害的风险值提供了数据基础。本次研究以焦家金成矿带作为主要研究区域,在国家自然科学基金项目“基于地表参量的污水灌溉区农田生态安全遥感监测研究”、“龙口矿区及周边海岸带遥感监测研究”、“山东省焦家金成矿区及周边矿区环境地质遥感调查研究”、“黄河三角洲高效生态经济区(潍坊)海咸水入侵调查与监控预警系统建设”以及“山东省国土资源遥感波谱库建设”的支持下,结合高光谱遥感技术和地统计分析,对焦家金成矿带及周边地区的土壤重金属含量进行了反演预测,获取了研究区域内土壤中重金属元素含量。同时借助健康风险模型,计算了焦家金成矿带内重金属元素对人体健康的风险等级。研究的主要内容和成果有:(1)在研究区域内布置43个采样点,选取其中30个采样点在实验室内分别测取土壤光谱信息和各重金属元素含量,建立土壤光谱信息和重金属元素含量的多元回归模型。通过检测发现Cu和Zn元素最适合的模型为去包络线模型,Hg、As、Pb元素最适合的模型为倒数对数模型,Cr元素最适合的模型为一阶微分模型。(2)通过各元素的回归模型反演剩余采样点的重金属元素含量,利用地统计分析得到各重金属元素的空间分布结果,发现:Cu、Hg、As、Cr、Pb和Zn元素含量区间分别在10.4-33.5、0.048-0.085、3.5-26.9、26.4-91.6、19.2-37.9、30.1-80.9 mg/kg范围内,重金属含量较高地区多位于中西部、东部和东北部地区。对比国家二级土壤有机物污染标准,研究区域内各重金属元素含量均未超出标准。(3)将各重金属元素空间分布结果与健康风险模型相结合,得到研究区域内各重金属元素对人体健康的危害风险等级分别为:As元素危险等级为I级;Cr元素风险等级为II和III级;Cu、Hg、Pb和Zn元素风险等级均小于I级,综合评判后认定焦家金成矿带重金属元素含量对人体健康的危害风险等级为II级和III级。(4)焦家金成矿带重金属元素污染虽然并不明显,但是已经呈现聚集积累的趋势,对人体健康已经产生危害,需要引起人们的重视并在下一步的开采过程中采取相关的治理措施。
[Abstract]:As one of the rare heavy metals, gold plays an irreplaceable role in international financial economy and industrial production with its few reserves and unique physicochemical properties. Gold mining will inevitably lead to a series of environmental problems, such as ground collapse, heavy metal content in soil, dust pollution and so on. At present, chemical methods are often used to measure the content of heavy metals in soil, but the traditional chemical method is expensive and has a narrow application area, which limits the real-time monitoring of soil environment around the mining area. Therefore, how to quickly and efficiently monitor the content of heavy metals in the soil around the mining area and predict the harm grade of heavy metal elements to human health is a hot research direction at present. Hyperspectral remote sensing provides a new solution for monitoring the content of heavy metals in soil because of its accurate resolution and real-time data acquisition. At the same time, it also provides the data basis for calculating the risk value of heavy metal elements to human health. This research takes Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt as the main research area, "remote sensing monitoring research on farmland ecological security in sewage irrigation area based on surface parameters", "remote sensing monitoring research on Longkou mining area and its surrounding coastal zone" under the National Natural Science Foundation project, Environmental Geological remote Sensing investigation of Jiaojia Gold mineralization area and its surrounding area in Shandong Province, With the support of "investigation and monitoring and early warning system of sea salt water intrusion in the Yellow River Delta High efficiency Ecological Economic Zone (Weifang)" and "Construction of remote Sensing Spectrum Database of Land and Resources in Shandong Province", combined with hyperspectral remote sensing technology and geostatistical analysis, The contents of heavy metals in the soils of Jiaojiajin metallogenic belt and its surrounding areas were inversely predicted and the contents of heavy metals in the soil were obtained. At the same time, with the help of health risk model, the risk grade of heavy metal elements in Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt to human health was calculated. The main contents and results of the study are as follows: (1) 43 sampling sites are arranged in the study area, 30 of which are selected to measure the soil spectral information and the contents of heavy metals in the laboratory. A multivariate regression model of soil spectral information and heavy metal content was established. It is found that the most suitable model for Cu and Zn elements is the de-envelope model, and the most suitable model for Hg,As,Pb elements is the reciprocal logarithmic model. The most suitable model for Cr element is the first order differential model. (2) the content of heavy metal elements in residual sampling points is retrieved by regression model of each element, and the spatial distribution results of each heavy metal element are obtained by geostatistical analysis. It is found that: The contents of As,Cr,Pb and Zn were in the range of 10.4-33.5C 0.048-0.085N 3.5-26.926.4-91.6C 19.2-37.9C 30.1-80.9 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metal contents were mostly located in the central and western regions of China. Eastern and northeastern regions Compared with the national secondary soil organic pollution standards, the contents of each heavy metal element in the study area did not exceed the standard. (3) the results of spatial distribution of each heavy metal element were combined with the health risk model. The risk levels of heavy metal elements to human health in the study area are as follows: As element hazard grade I; The risk level of Cr element is II and III. Both Cu,Hg,Pb and Zn element risk levels are smaller than I, After comprehensive evaluation, it was concluded that the hazardous risk of heavy metal elements in Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt to human health was II grade and III grade. (4) although the pollution of heavy metal elements in Jiaojia gold metallogenic belt was not obvious, it had shown a tendency of accumulation and accumulation. It is necessary to pay attention to human health and take relevant measures in the next mining process.
【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X82;X87;X53

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