北京地铁乘客大客流下应急疏散行为研究

发布时间：2018-11-14 12:16

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市规模不断增大情况下,地上的交通变得十分拥挤。地铁因为具有运量大、速度快、准时、安全性能高、经济环保等优点,逐渐成为城市居民出行的主要交通方式。大客流已成为北京地铁车站的运营常态。由于大客流情况下,人员处于一个狭窄的半封闭空间,人员的密度相对较大,极易与其他突发事件发生耦合,一旦乘客处于拥挤状态,产生恐慌情绪,更容易发生踩踏事故,另外,在火灾等突发事故发生后,由于客流密度大而导致疏散更加困难,也会对乘客的疏散行为造成一系列的影响,增加踩踏事故发生的几率。因此,研究大客流下地铁乘客应急疏散行为具有重要的现实意义。本文在对相关文献研究的基础上,对地铁车站乘客的应急疏散行为及其影响因素进行了分析。通过理论分析,构建了应急疏散行为的理论假设模型,编制了地铁乘客应急疏散行为和影响因素的问卷。对北京地铁车站300名乘客发放问卷,最后回收有效问卷257份。针对收集的问卷数据利用SPSS和AMOS进行了信效度检验、验证性因素分析、描述性统计分析、不同变量的差异性分析、路径分析。主要结果如下:乘客对互助行为的选择倾向最高,从众行为和排他行为的选择倾向处于中等水平,对自主疏散行为的选择倾向较低;在行为的影响因素方面,乘客在个人因素和应急管理因素方面得分较高,在环境因素方面得分偏低。个人因素、环境因素、应急管理因素与从众行为显著正相关个人因素与互助行为显著正相关;个人因素、环境因素与排他行为显著负相关;个人因素、环境因素与自主疏散行为显著正相关,应急管理因素与自主疏散行为显著负相关。最后,通过行为矫正法在地铁车站应急疏散中的应用,结合本文研究所得出的不同的疏散行为的具体影响因素,针对应急疏散中的具体行为提出了干预措施。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the increasing size of the city, the traffic on the ground becomes very crowded. Because of its advantages of large capacity, high speed, punctuality, high safety performance, economic and environmental protection, subway has gradually become the main mode of transportation for urban residents. Large passenger flow has become the normal operation of Beijing subway station. Due to the large passenger flow, the staff is in a narrow semi-enclosed space, the density of the personnel is relatively large, so it is easy to coupling with other emergencies. Once the passengers are in a crowded state, they have panic feelings and are more prone to stampede accidents. In addition, after the fire and other sudden accidents, it is more difficult to evacuate because of the high density of passenger flow, which will also cause a series of effects on the evacuation behavior of passengers, and increase the probability of stampede accidents. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the emergency evacuation behavior of subway passengers. Based on the research of related literature, this paper analyzes the emergency evacuation behavior of subway station passengers and its influencing factors. Through theoretical analysis, the theoretical hypothesis model of emergency evacuation behavior is constructed, and the questionnaire of subway passenger emergency evacuation behavior and influencing factors is compiled. A questionnaire was given to 300 passengers of Beijing subway station and 257 valid questionnaires were collected. SPSS and AMOS were used to test reliability and validity, confirmatory factor analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, difference analysis of different variables and path analysis. The main results are as follows: passengers' tendency to choose mutual aid behavior is the highest, the tendency of herd behavior and exclusive behavior is in the medium level, and the choice tendency of autonomous evacuation behavior is low; In terms of influencing factors of behavior, passengers scored higher in personal factors and emergency management factors, and lower in environmental factors. Personal factors, environmental factors, emergency management factors and herd behavior significantly positive correlation between personal factors and mutual help behavior significantly positive correlation, personal factors, environmental factors and exclusive behavior significantly negative correlation; Personal factors, environmental factors and autonomous evacuation behavior were significantly positive correlation, emergency management factors and autonomous evacuation behavior significantly negative correlation. Finally, through the application of behavior correction method in subway station emergency evacuation, combined with the specific factors of different evacuation behavior obtained in this paper, the intervention measures are put forward for the specific behavior of emergency evacuation.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D63

【参考文献】