美国对外贸易区运行机制与贸易效果分析

发布时间：2018-11-24 19:17

【摘要】：目前,世界主要国家与地区大都建立了不同形式的自由区。作为国际贸易的枢纽及国际物流的集散地,自由区能否高效运营直接影响国际贸易与物流的效率。因此,自由区已经成为影响国际贸易的一股重要力量。美国所建立的自由区通常被称作"对外贸易区"。在近80年的发展历程中,美国对外贸易区逐渐建立起灵活而完善的运行机制,推动了美国的国际贸易与经济发展。此外,在世界范围内的自由区中,美国对外贸易区在组织形式及经营方式上旗帜鲜明,在数量规模与政策法规上也与其他类型的自由区存在较大差异。本文从四个方面剖析了美国对外贸易区的运行机制,认为这种机制由灵活完善的法律体系、公私结合的管理模式、普遍优惠的税收政策及高效务实的贸易便利化措施共同构成。同时,根据美国对外贸易区及美国进出口数据进行的统计分析,在对外贸易区"倒挂关税减免"政策的吸引下,以石油冶炼、汽车制造为主的企业利用国外原材料及零部件在区内进行生产加工,并将大量产成品输入美国国内市场,起到了进口鼓励效果。另一方面,统计方法上的局限造成了对美国对外贸易区的出口的低估,但近年来的政策调整有效地促进了出口,实现了 2010年以来对外贸易区出口额的剧增。最后,在总结研究结论的基础上,本文也为美国对外贸易区的建设提出了一些政策建议。
[Abstract]:At present, major countries and regions in the world have established different forms of free zones. As the hub of international trade and the distribution center of international logistics, whether the free zone can operate efficiently directly affects the efficiency of international trade and logistics. Therefore, the free zone has become an important force affecting international trade. The free zones established in the United States are often referred to as "foreign trade zones". In the past 80 years, the United States foreign trade zone has gradually established a flexible and perfect operating mechanism, which has promoted the international trade and economic development of the United States. In addition, in the free zones of the world, the foreign trade zones of the United States have a clear-cut stand in the form of organization and management, and there are great differences between the foreign trade zones of the United States and other types of free zones in terms of quantity, scale, policies and regulations. This paper analyzes the operation mechanism of American foreign trade zones from four aspects, and holds that this mechanism consists of a flexible and perfect legal system, a combination of public and private management mode, a general preferential tax policy and efficient and practical trade facilitation measures. At the same time, according to the statistics and analysis of US foreign trade zones and US import and export data, oil smelting is attracted by the policy of "upside down tariff reduction" in foreign trade zones. Automobile manufacturing enterprises use foreign raw materials and parts to process in the region and import a large number of finished products into the domestic market of the United States. On the other hand, the limitation of statistical methods has led to the underestimation of the exports of the foreign trade zones of the United States. However, the policy adjustment in recent years has effectively promoted exports and achieved a sharp increase in the exports of foreign trade zones since 2010. Finally, on the basis of summing up the research conclusions, this paper also puts forward some policy suggestions for the construction of foreign trade zones in the United States.
【学位授予单位】：天津财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F757.12

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