地铁施工中安全事故致因链研究
发布时间：2018-11-28 14:09
【摘要】：地铁工程建设是一个人、物、环境和组织等因素组成的复杂系统,其投资额巨大、施工环境复杂、技术难度高、不确定因素多,施工中不仅需要使用大型的机械设备,还需要不同工种作业人员的密切配合,多种因素的交互影响,极易产生安全隐患,安全管理出现问题,就会导致安全事故的发生。据不完全统计,自2010年至2016年国内地铁施工中共发生63起安全事故。安全事故的发生,不仅造成严重的人员伤亡和经济损失,还影响施工过程和工期。因此,分析地铁施工安全事故的致因因素及其相互的因果关系,构建地铁施工安全事故致因链,对于从根源上预防事故的发生具有重要的意义。基于此,如何从事故致因的角度,运用合适的理论和方法,分析地铁施工中安全事故的关键因素及其作用关系,探寻出事故致因链,并据此提出相应的防范措施,是论文研究的重要内容。为有效减少安全事故的发生,降低安全事故的损失,从寻找事故发生的影响因素入手,根据事故致因理论,探寻地铁施工中安全事故的致因链成为亟待解决的问题,具体研究内容如下:1)通过分析安全事故相关资料文献,构建以人、物、环境和组织四个方面的地铁施工安全事故致因系统,对各方面影响因素进行详细的分析,以确定地铁施工安全事故的致因素。2)根据确定的致因因素,借助计算机编程技术,搭建地铁施工安全事故致因数据搜集平台,通过分析事故调查报告搜集数据,建立地铁施工安全事故致因数据库,运用关联规则Apriori算法,筛选出最大频繁项集和强关联规则,借助事故致因"2-4"模型,探寻地铁施工安全事故致因链。3)以西安地铁4号线燃气泄漏事故为例,应用地铁施工安全事故致因链,查找和分析造成此次事故的原因,形成此次事故的致因链。从事故致因链可以看出,造成此次事故的直接原因是违章使用机械进行围护桩施工;间接原因是侥幸心理的驱使下未按照规范要求进行人工探孔,导致探孔密度不足,对围护桩施工范围内的管线分布不明确;根本原因是围护桩施工过程的安全管理出现漏洞,安全教育培训投入不足、现场安全管理松懈和安全生产责任未落实;根源是企业安全文化的欠缺,表现为安全承诺不到位和安全事务参与倡导不力。据此运用行为安全方法,提出切实有效的防范措施,为切断地铁施工安全事故致因链,减少安全事故的发生提供参考和借鉴。
[Abstract]:Subway engineering construction is a complex system composed of human, material, environment and organization. Its investment is huge, the construction environment is complex, the technical difficulty is high, the uncertain factors are many. It also needs the close cooperation of different kinds of workers and the interaction of many factors. It is easy to produce the hidden trouble of safety. The safety management problems will lead to the occurrence of safety accidents. According to incomplete statistics, 63 safety accidents occurred in subway construction between 2010 and 2016. The occurrence of safety accident not only causes serious casualties and economic losses, but also affects the construction process and construction period. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the cause factors of subway construction safety accidents and their causality, and to construct the chain of causes of subway construction safety accidents. Based on this, how to use appropriate theory and method to analyze the key factors and their function relationship of safety accidents in subway construction from the point of view of accident cause, to find out the chain of accident cause, and to put forward the corresponding preventive measures accordingly. It is the important content of the thesis research. In order to effectively reduce the occurrence of safety accidents and reduce the loss of safety accidents, it is an urgent problem to find out the cause chain of safety accidents in subway construction according to the theory of accident cause, starting from finding the influencing factors of accidents. The specific research contents are as follows: 1) through the analysis of the safety accident related information literature, the paper constructs the subway construction safety accident cause system in the aspects of person, material, environment and organization, and analyzes the influencing factors in detail. In order to determine the factors of subway construction safety accident. 2) according to the determined cause factors, with the help of computer programming technology, build the subway construction safety accident cause data collection platform, through the analysis of accident investigation report to collect data, The database of accidents caused by accidents in subway construction is established, and the maximum frequent itemsets and strong association rules are screened by using association rules Apriori algorithm, and the "2-4" model of accident causes is used to select the maximum frequent itemsets and strong association rules. This paper explores the cause chain of subway construction safety accident. 3) taking Xi'an Metro Line 4 gas leakage accident as an example, the cause chain of subway construction safety accident is found and analyzed to form the cause chain of this accident. From the accident cause chain can be seen that the direct cause of the accident is the use of machinery for the construction of protective piles; The indirect reason is that the artificial drilling is not carried out in accordance with the specification, which leads to the lack of hole density and the unclear distribution of pipelines in the construction scope of the retaining pile. The fundamental reason is that the safety management of the construction process of the enclosure pile is flawed, the investment of safety education and training is insufficient, the safety management is lax and the responsibility of safety production is not carried out. The root is the lack of corporate safety culture, which shows that the security commitment is not in place and the safety affairs participation is weak. According to the method of behavior safety, effective preventive measures are put forward, which can provide reference and reference for cutting off the chain of causes of safety accidents in subway construction and reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U231.3
[Abstract]:Subway engineering construction is a complex system composed of human, material, environment and organization. Its investment is huge, the construction environment is complex, the technical difficulty is high, the uncertain factors are many. It also needs the close cooperation of different kinds of workers and the interaction of many factors. It is easy to produce the hidden trouble of safety. The safety management problems will lead to the occurrence of safety accidents. According to incomplete statistics, 63 safety accidents occurred in subway construction between 2010 and 2016. The occurrence of safety accident not only causes serious casualties and economic losses, but also affects the construction process and construction period. Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the cause factors of subway construction safety accidents and their causality, and to construct the chain of causes of subway construction safety accidents. Based on this, how to use appropriate theory and method to analyze the key factors and their function relationship of safety accidents in subway construction from the point of view of accident cause, to find out the chain of accident cause, and to put forward the corresponding preventive measures accordingly. It is the important content of the thesis research. In order to effectively reduce the occurrence of safety accidents and reduce the loss of safety accidents, it is an urgent problem to find out the cause chain of safety accidents in subway construction according to the theory of accident cause, starting from finding the influencing factors of accidents. The specific research contents are as follows: 1) through the analysis of the safety accident related information literature, the paper constructs the subway construction safety accident cause system in the aspects of person, material, environment and organization, and analyzes the influencing factors in detail. In order to determine the factors of subway construction safety accident. 2) according to the determined cause factors, with the help of computer programming technology, build the subway construction safety accident cause data collection platform, through the analysis of accident investigation report to collect data, The database of accidents caused by accidents in subway construction is established, and the maximum frequent itemsets and strong association rules are screened by using association rules Apriori algorithm, and the "2-4" model of accident causes is used to select the maximum frequent itemsets and strong association rules. This paper explores the cause chain of subway construction safety accident. 3) taking Xi'an Metro Line 4 gas leakage accident as an example, the cause chain of subway construction safety accident is found and analyzed to form the cause chain of this accident. From the accident cause chain can be seen that the direct cause of the accident is the use of machinery for the construction of protective piles; The indirect reason is that the artificial drilling is not carried out in accordance with the specification, which leads to the lack of hole density and the unclear distribution of pipelines in the construction scope of the retaining pile. The fundamental reason is that the safety management of the construction process of the enclosure pile is flawed, the investment of safety education and training is insufficient, the safety management is lax and the responsibility of safety production is not carried out. The root is the lack of corporate safety culture, which shows that the security commitment is not in place and the safety affairs participation is weak. According to the method of behavior safety, effective preventive measures are put forward, which can provide reference and reference for cutting off the chain of causes of safety accidents in subway construction and reducing the occurrence of safety accidents.
【学位授予单位】：西安工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U231.3
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