机务人员疲劳的特征研究

发布时间：2018-12-08 14:32

【摘要】：随着航空运输业的飞速发展,机务人员面临的工作压力逐渐增加,其疲劳程度也随之严重,这不但会影响安全,也极大程度地降低了工作效率。因此有必要对机务人员疲劳进行深入研究。首先,本文在对疲劳的基本理论研究的基础上,结合机务人员工作任务的特殊性,提出了机务人员疲劳的定义,阐述了机务人员疲劳的发生机理,并对机务人员疲劳的表现以及影响因素进行了详细的分析和研究。接着在总结前文内容的基础上,确定了通过主观测评法来研究机务人员疲劳状况及影响因素的方法,通过对以往疲劳量表的分析和调试,设计了多维疲劳量表(MFI-16),并结合其他评估工具,对国内维修单位机务人员实施问卷调查。采用SPSS19.0软件对数据进行统计分析。本次调查得出的主要结论有:1、整体上机务人员的疲劳状况尚可,与我国普通男性比较,机务人员睡眠质量较差,疲劳与睡眠质量呈显著正相关,一些负性的生活事件与疲劳有显著正相关。2、疲劳与个性特征中神经质呈显著正相关,而与外向性、宜人性、开放性和严谨性呈显著负相关,疲劳与身心健康状况呈显著正相关。3、教育程度、家庭经济状况、轮班模式、睡眠习惯、夜班执勤、维修负荷、维修环境中的温度、噪声、恶劣天气都与疲劳有不同程度显著性相关。教育程度较高、家庭经济状况差者应引起关注,应持续关注那些需要进行轮班工作的机务人员的疲劳状况,注意减轻员工的维修负荷,并改善维修环境。本文采用多元逐步回归,分析人口统计学变量与个人习惯变量、个性特征、身心健康状况和睡眠质量对疲劳总分的预测作用,回归模型表明:严谨性、睡眠质量总分、日间功能障碍、神经质等4个变量对疲劳总分有预测作用。最后根据总结的关键疲劳影响因素,提出相应的缓解措施,从而实现降低机务人员疲劳风险的目的。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of the air transportation industry, the working pressure of the crew members is increasing gradually, and the fatigue degree is also serious, which will not only affect the safety, but also greatly reduce the working efficiency. Therefore, it is necessary to further study the fatigue of the crew. First of all, on the basis of the basic theory research of fatigue, combined with the particularity of the work task of the crew, this paper puts forward the definition of the fatigue of the crew, and expounds the occurrence mechanism of the fatigue of the crew. The fatigue performance of crew and its influencing factors are analyzed and studied in detail. Then, on the basis of summarizing the previous contents, this paper determines the method of studying the fatigue status and influencing factors of crew by subjective evaluation method, and designs the Multidimensional fatigue scale (MFI-16) through the analysis and debugging of the previous fatigue scale. Combined with other evaluation tools, the domestic maintenance unit crew to carry out a questionnaire survey. The data were analyzed by SPSS19.0 software. The main conclusions of this investigation are as follows: 1. Overall, the fatigue of crew members is fairly good. Compared with ordinary men in China, the sleeping quality of crew members is poor, and fatigue is positively correlated with sleep quality. Some negative life events were positively correlated with fatigue. 2. Fatigue was positively correlated with neuroticism in personality, but negatively correlated with extroversion, humanity, openness and preciseness. There was a significant positive correlation between fatigue and physical and mental health. 3. Education level, family economic status, shift mode, sleep habit, night shift, maintenance load, temperature and noise in maintenance environment, Severe weather is significantly related to fatigue. Those with higher education level and poor family economic condition should pay attention to the fatigue condition of those crew members who need to work on shift work, pay attention to lighten the maintenance load of employees, and improve the maintenance environment. Multiple stepwise regression was used to analyze the predictive effects of demographic variables, individual habit variables, personality characteristics, physical and mental health and sleep quality on the total score of fatigue. The regression model showed that: rigor, total score of sleep quality, Four variables, such as daytime dysfunction and neuroticism, could predict the total score of fatigue. Finally, according to the key fatigue influencing factors summarized, the corresponding mitigation measures are put forward, so as to reduce the fatigue risk of the crew.
【学位授予单位】：中国民航大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：V267

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