基于3S技术的三峡库区万州区生态脆弱性评价研究

发布时间：2018-12-17 09:36

【摘要】：三峡库区特殊的自然环境条件以及水库建设和社会经济快速发展所带来的人口增加、污染加重等一系列问题,致使原本已经很脆弱的三峡库区生态系统在外界干扰下变得更加特殊和复杂,是我国典型的生态脆弱带。曾经不合理的人类活动对三峡库区生态系统造成了严重的后果,并对三峡工程和长江下游地区的安全以及整个长江流域社会经济的可持续发展造成了一定的不利影响。万州区处于三峡库区腹心地带,其地形、地貌与整个三峡库区具有较高的相似度,长江贯穿整个区域而过,经过三峡水库三次蓄水后,其被淹没的区域和移民的规模都十分巨大,区域内的生态环境发生了显著变化,是三峡库区的典型区域。文章将万州区作为研究对象,以遥感影像数据、环境监测数据以及社会经济统计数据作为基础数据来源,在3S技术的支撑下,建立了万州区生态脆弱性评价因子数据库和指标体系,并确定评价指标权重,运用专项评价法对万州区生态敏感性、生态弹性、生态压力进行评价,再通过综合评价法对万州区生态脆弱性进行综合评价,分析其生态环境特点与分布规律,结果表明:(1)万州区平均生态敏感性(ESI)指数处于中等偏低水平,在空间分布上也存在差异。生态一般敏感区主要分布在万州区的边界部分;轻度敏感区则相对均匀地分布在整个研究区且分布十分广泛;中度敏感区主要分布在万州区东南和西南的山麓;高度敏感区主要分布在万州区的高海拔山区并且呈带条状分布,是需要引起特别关注的区域。(2)万州区生态弹性(EEI)指数整体处于中等水平,在空间分布也呈现出一定的规律性。生态较低弹性度区主要分布在地形复杂、植被覆盖度相对较低的高海拔山区;生态中度弹性度区则相对均匀地分布在研究区的中部腹地;而生态高弹性度区主要分布在长江沿岸海拔相对较低地区。(3)万州区生态压力(EPI)处于中等偏高水平。生态高度压力区分布在研究区经济发达、人口稠密的中部偏北地区(县城及周边乡镇),其中双河口街道面临的生态压力最大;生态中度压力区主要分布在人口密度属于中等水平的中部腹地;生态低压力区主要分布在万州区的西部和东部边缘。整个研究区的平均生态压力为47.37,处于中高水平。(4)万州区生态脆弱性整体处于中度脆弱,且在空间的分布上呈现一定的规律性。从生态脆弱性分级来看,万州区没有生态极低脆弱区和生态极高脆弱区,研究区生态脆弱性呈现北高南低的空间格局分布特征,高度脆弱区集中于万州区的经济发达地区,这些区域植被覆盖度较低;低度脆弱区则主要分布于研究区的西北部和东南部生态环境良好、人口稀少且植被覆盖度高的山区。
[Abstract]:The special natural environment conditions in the three Gorges Reservoir area, as well as a series of problems brought about by the rapid development of reservoir construction and social economy, such as increasing population and aggravating pollution, As a result, the already fragile ecosystem of the three Gorges Reservoir area becomes more special and complex under the external disturbance, which is a typical ecological fragile zone in China. Once unreasonable human activities have caused serious consequences to the ecosystem of the three Gorges Reservoir area, and have had a certain negative impact on the safety of the three Gorges Project and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, as well as the sustainable development of the social economy of the whole Yangtze River basin. Wanzhou District is located in the heart of the three Gorges Reservoir area. Its topography and geomorphology are similar to that of the whole three Gorges Reservoir area. The Yangtze River runs through the whole area and passes through the three Gorges Reservoir after three water impoundments. The inundated area and the scale of emigration are very large, and the ecological environment in the region has changed significantly, so it is a typical area in the three Gorges Reservoir area. This paper takes Wanzhou District as the research object, taking remote sensing image data, environmental monitoring data and social and economic statistics data as the basic data source, under the support of 3s technology. The database and index system of ecological vulnerability assessment factors in Wanzhou district were established, and the weight of evaluation indexes was determined. The ecological sensitivity, ecological elasticity and ecological pressure were evaluated by special evaluation method. Through the comprehensive evaluation method, the ecological vulnerability of Wanzhou district is evaluated, and the ecological environment characteristics and distribution are analyzed. The results show that: (1) the average ecological sensitivity (ESI) index of Wanzhou district is on the medium low level; There are also differences in spatial distribution. The ecologically sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the boundary part of Wanzhou region, the mild sensitive areas are relatively evenly distributed in the whole study area and are widely distributed, the moderate sensitive areas are mainly distributed in the foothills of the southeast and southwest of Wanzhou region. The highly sensitive area mainly distributes in the high elevation mountain area of Wanzhou area and is striped, which is the area that needs special attention. (2) the (EEI) index of ecological elasticity in Wanzhou area is in the middle level as a whole. The spatial distribution also presents certain regularity. The ecological low elasticity area mainly distributes in the high altitude mountain area where the topography is complex and the vegetation coverage is relatively low, while the ecological medium elasticity area is relatively evenly distributed in the central hinterland of the study area. The ecological high elasticity area mainly distributes in the relatively low elevation area along the Yangtze River. (3) the ecological pressure (EPI) in Wanzhou area is on the middle high level. The ecological high pressure area is distributed in the area of economic development and population density in the north-central region (county town and surrounding towns), in which Shuanghekou street is facing the biggest ecological pressure. The ecologically moderate pressure area is mainly distributed in the middle hinterland where the population density belongs to the middle level, and the ecological low pressure area is mainly distributed in the western and eastern edge of Wanzhou region. The average ecological pressure of the whole study area is 47.37, which is in the middle and high level. (4) the ecological fragility of Wanzhou area is moderately fragile, and the spatial distribution is regular. According to the classification of ecological vulnerability, there are no extremely low ecological fragile areas and extremely high ecological fragile areas in Wanzhou region. The ecological vulnerability of the study area shows the spatial pattern distribution characteristics of north high and south low, and the highly vulnerable area is concentrated in the economically developed area of Wanzhou district. The vegetation coverage in these areas is low; The low vulnerable areas are mainly distributed in the mountainous areas with good ecological environment, sparse population and high vegetation coverage in the northwest and southeast of the study area.
【学位授予单位】：重庆工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X826

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