内蒙古绒山羊绒毛品质性状早期选择原理与方法的研究
发布时间：2019-02-15 06:07
【摘要】：内蒙古绒山羊是一个绒肉兼用型的地方山羊品种,以其所产优质羊绒闻名全世界。因此,内蒙古绒山羊育种的首要目标性状应为绒毛品质性状。考虑到该性状性能测定复杂,且属于重复测定性状,实施早期选种计划难度大,有必要研究一套绒山羊绒毛品质性状早期选择的理论与方法,来提高选择准确度,实现早期选种,进而缩短世代间隔,加快遗传进展。本研究以2008-2012年内蒙古绒山羊的毛长、毛细、绒长和绒细为研究对象,通过建立合理的动物模型发现各绒毛品质性状是否可以实现早期选择。主要进行了以下几方面的研究：(1)以内蒙古绒山羊绒毛品质性能的周岁和重复(1-7岁)记录为基础,利用广义线性模型确定影响各性状的非遗传因素。结果表明：测定年份、群、(年龄)和性别是影响各绒毛品质性状的非遗传因素。另外,利用各性状的周岁性能记录,结合系谱记录,通过考虑母体遗传效应、母体永久环境效应以及个体加性遗传和母体加性遗传效应相关,建立6个动物模型。似然比检验确定模型1(仅包含固定效应和加性遗传效应)是各绒毛品质性状遗传评估的最佳模型。(2)比较无重复力动物模型(周岁)和重复力动物模型(1-7岁)绒毛品质性状遗传参数估计结果,发现利用周岁记录和重复记录获得的遗传参数结果近乎一致。两种情况下,毛长、毛细、绒长和绒细的遗传力分别为0.28(0.30)、0.27(0.27)、0.17(0.18)和0.34(0.32),说明周岁记录进行遗传评估具有一定的统计功效和遗传评估的准确性。(3)对不同年龄绒毛品质性状进行遗传参数估计发现,除绒长外,其它三个性状均属于中等遗传力,说明遗传选育可以加快内蒙古绒山羊绒毛品质性状的遗传进展。绒毛品质性状间的遗传相关分析发现,毛长与毛细呈强的负遗传相关,然而绒长和绒细呈正遗传相关,而且毛长与绒细呈负遗传相关,说明选育细绒型个体会导致长度下降,进而减少产绒量,长毛型个体的羊绒品质较好。(4)应用多性状无重复力动物模型对1-5岁各绒毛品质性状进行遗传参数估计,揭示各性状的生长规律。研究结果表明：毛长、绒长的表型值和遗传力随年龄的变化规律一致,说明在一定程度上,表型值随年龄的变化可以反应其遗传变化规律；然而,毛细和绒细的表型值和遗传力随年龄的变化不一致,说明不同年龄环境对其影响存在差异。(5)将同一绒毛品质性状的相邻年龄组合,进行分组,构建合理的动物模型,比较各模型的方差和协方差结构,确定内蒙古绒山羊绒毛品质性状的遗传特性变化情况,进而确定其是否可以实现早期选择。研究表明,毛长和绒长的遗传特性表现为三个阶段：周岁、两岁和两岁以上,毛细和绒细的遗传特性表现为两个阶段：周岁和成年,说明纤维长度和细度分别根据三周岁和两周岁之前的记录,可以获得准确的遗传评估。(6)通过建立线性混合模型,讨论不同绒毛等级下,产绒量和其它重要经济性状(绒长、绒细和抓绒后体重)的关系。经研究发现：不同羊绒等级下,绒长、绒细和抓绒后体重对产绒量的影响程度存在差异。任意羊绒等级下,绒长对产绒量影响极显著；在粗绒型群体中,绒细对产绒量影响不显著；在超细和粗绒型群体中,抓绒后体重对产绒量影响不显著。除粗绒型群体发现产绒量与绒细呈负相关外,其它任意一种情况,绒长、绒细和抓绒后体重对产绒量均有正的影响。
[Abstract]:The Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat is a new type of local goat variety, which is famous all over the world with its high-quality cashmere. Therefore, the first target character of the inner mongolian cashmere goat breeding should be the quality of the pile. in ord to improve that selection accuracy, realize the early selection and further shorten the generation interval, to speed up genetic progress. In this study, the hair length, the capillary, the corduroy and the corduroy of the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats were studied in 2008-2012, and the early selection was realized by establishing a reasonable animal model. The following aspects were mainly carried out: (1) The non-genetic factors influencing each trait were determined by the generalized linear model based on the first and the repeated (1-7 years old) records of the pile-quality performance of the cashmere goat in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the year, group, age and sex were the non-genetic factors that affected the quality characters of the villi. In addition, six animal models were established by considering the maternal inheritance effect, the maternal permanent environmental effect and the individual additive inheritance and the maternal-plus genetic effect, using the age-of-year performance record of each character and combining the pedigree records. The likelihood ratio test determines that the model 1, which contains only the fixed effect and the additive genetic effect, is the best model for the genetic evaluation of the quality traits of each pile. (2) The results of the genetic parameter estimation of the non-repeated force animal model (1-7 years) and the animal model of repeated force (1-7 years) were compared, and the results of the genetic parameters obtained by using the first and the repeated records were found to be nearly identical. In both cases, the heritability of hair length, capillary, corduroy and fine wool was 0.28 (0.30), 0.27 (0.27), 0.17 (0.18) and 0.34 (0.32). (3) The genetic parameter estimation of the quality characters of the villi in different ages has found that, in addition to the length of the velvet, the other three characters belong to the middle heritability, which indicates that the genetic breeding can accelerate the genetic progress of the quality characters of the pile in the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats. The genetic correlation between the quality characters of the villi was found to be related to the strong negative inheritance of the hair length and the capillary. However, the length of the hair and the fine of the hair were positively related, and the length of the hair was related to the fine of the fine hair. The cashmere quality of the long-haired individual is better. and (4) performing genetic parameter estimation on each pile quality trait of 1 to 5 years by using a multi-trait non-repeated force animal model to reveal the growth rule of each character. The results showed that the phenotypic value and the heritability of the long and long hair were consistent with the age, and the change of the phenotypic value with age could reflect its genetic variation. However, the phenotypic value and the heritability of the capillary and the velvet were not consistent with the age. It is indicated that the influence of different age environment is different. and (5) combining the adjacent ages of the same pile quality traits, grouping, constructing a reasonable animal model, comparing the variance and the covariance structure of each model, and determining the change of the genetic characteristics of the pile quality traits of the cashmere goat in the inner mongolia, and further determining whether the early selection can be realized. The study shows that the genetic characteristics of the long and long hair are three stages: the first, the age of two and the age of two, and the genetic characteristics of the fine capillary and the velvet are two stages: the first and the adult, indicating that the fiber length and the fineness are recorded according to the three-year-old and the two-year-old, respectively, an accurate genetic evaluation can be obtained. (6) By establishing a linear mixed model, the relationship between the yield and other important economic characters (the length of the pile, the fine of the corduroy and the weight of the fleece) was discussed. It was found that there was a difference in the effect of body weight on the amount of wool in different cashmere grades. In any cashmere grade, the pile length has a significant effect on the yield of the wool; in the coarse-pile group, the influence of the fine wool on the amount of the velvet is not significant; in the ultra-fine and coarse-pile group, the effect of the body weight on the yield of the pile is not significant. In other cases, the pile length, the fine of the pile and the body weight of the fleece had a positive effect on the amount of the wool, in addition to a negative correlation between the amount of the velvet and the fine of the velvet.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S827
，
本文编号：2423043
[Abstract]:The Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goat is a new type of local goat variety, which is famous all over the world with its high-quality cashmere. Therefore, the first target character of the inner mongolian cashmere goat breeding should be the quality of the pile. in ord to improve that selection accuracy, realize the early selection and further shorten the generation interval, to speed up genetic progress. In this study, the hair length, the capillary, the corduroy and the corduroy of the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats were studied in 2008-2012, and the early selection was realized by establishing a reasonable animal model. The following aspects were mainly carried out: (1) The non-genetic factors influencing each trait were determined by the generalized linear model based on the first and the repeated (1-7 years old) records of the pile-quality performance of the cashmere goat in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the year, group, age and sex were the non-genetic factors that affected the quality characters of the villi. In addition, six animal models were established by considering the maternal inheritance effect, the maternal permanent environmental effect and the individual additive inheritance and the maternal-plus genetic effect, using the age-of-year performance record of each character and combining the pedigree records. The likelihood ratio test determines that the model 1, which contains only the fixed effect and the additive genetic effect, is the best model for the genetic evaluation of the quality traits of each pile. (2) The results of the genetic parameter estimation of the non-repeated force animal model (1-7 years) and the animal model of repeated force (1-7 years) were compared, and the results of the genetic parameters obtained by using the first and the repeated records were found to be nearly identical. In both cases, the heritability of hair length, capillary, corduroy and fine wool was 0.28 (0.30), 0.27 (0.27), 0.17 (0.18) and 0.34 (0.32). (3) The genetic parameter estimation of the quality characters of the villi in different ages has found that, in addition to the length of the velvet, the other three characters belong to the middle heritability, which indicates that the genetic breeding can accelerate the genetic progress of the quality characters of the pile in the Inner Mongolia Cashmere Goats. The genetic correlation between the quality characters of the villi was found to be related to the strong negative inheritance of the hair length and the capillary. However, the length of the hair and the fine of the hair were positively related, and the length of the hair was related to the fine of the fine hair. The cashmere quality of the long-haired individual is better. and (4) performing genetic parameter estimation on each pile quality trait of 1 to 5 years by using a multi-trait non-repeated force animal model to reveal the growth rule of each character. The results showed that the phenotypic value and the heritability of the long and long hair were consistent with the age, and the change of the phenotypic value with age could reflect its genetic variation. However, the phenotypic value and the heritability of the capillary and the velvet were not consistent with the age. It is indicated that the influence of different age environment is different. and (5) combining the adjacent ages of the same pile quality traits, grouping, constructing a reasonable animal model, comparing the variance and the covariance structure of each model, and determining the change of the genetic characteristics of the pile quality traits of the cashmere goat in the inner mongolia, and further determining whether the early selection can be realized. The study shows that the genetic characteristics of the long and long hair are three stages: the first, the age of two and the age of two, and the genetic characteristics of the fine capillary and the velvet are two stages: the first and the adult, indicating that the fiber length and the fineness are recorded according to the three-year-old and the two-year-old, respectively, an accurate genetic evaluation can be obtained. (6) By establishing a linear mixed model, the relationship between the yield and other important economic characters (the length of the pile, the fine of the corduroy and the weight of the fleece) was discussed. It was found that there was a difference in the effect of body weight on the amount of wool in different cashmere grades. In any cashmere grade, the pile length has a significant effect on the yield of the wool; in the coarse-pile group, the influence of the fine wool on the amount of the velvet is not significant; in the ultra-fine and coarse-pile group, the effect of the body weight on the yield of the pile is not significant. In other cases, the pile length, the fine of the pile and the body weight of the fleece had a positive effect on the amount of the wool, in addition to a negative correlation between the amount of the velvet and the fine of the velvet.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S827
，
本文编号：2423043
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jingjilunwen/jiliangjingjilunwen/2423043.html
