基于LCA的离子型稀土生产环境生态累积（火用）耗研究

发布时间：2019-03-21 13:31

【摘要】：生命周期评价(LCA)被认为是21世纪最有效的环境管理工具和环境影响评价方法,能定性和定量分析产品生产整个生命过程中的环境负荷,促进产品或生产工艺的环境协调性,帮助企业优化工艺、改进技术、选择最佳工艺等,为政府制定环境管理政策及企业环境管理提供理论依据,但传统LCA在实际生产应用中存在局限性。生态生命周期评价Eco-LCA是基于能值理论的LCA新兴评价方法,是传统LCA的拓展,能够分析评价工业过程生态影响及其可持续性,识别生产最终生态影响,克服了传统LCA方法忽略生态系统和社会经济对产品可持续发展的隐性贡献的不足,但其理论框架还有待研究。离子型稀土是国家重要的战略不可再生资源,在其生产过程中会造成严重的环境问题。通过研究传统LCA方法和Eco-LCA生态累积（火用）耗(ECEC)计量方案,基于LCA基本框架并结合离子型稀土生产环境情况,确立了离子型稀土生产环境LCA研究目标、系统边界,建立了评价指标体系、总量累积模型及环境负荷分摊原则。同时,建立了囊括自然资源消耗(NC)、社会经济投入(SC)和环境污染危害(EI)的生态累积（火用）耗(ECEC)评价模型,克服了传统LCA忽略生态系统和经济投入对产品生产的隐性影响的不足。并且,首次结合Eco-LCA的ECEC计量方法及丹麦的工业产品环境设计方法(Environmental Design of Industrial Products,EDIP),创新性的建立了环境影响类型生态累积（火用）耗评价模型,以生态累积（火用）耗来定量各影响类型的环境负荷,使其能够在同一单位下(sej)进行对比分析,能够反映生产的生态影响、可持续性及环境负荷关键因子。本研究以某离子型稀土生产为研究对象,以1t氧化镧为功能单位,基于LCA基本框架,对其开展了生态累积（火用）耗及环境影响类型生态累积（火用）耗应用研究,结果表明:(1)生产1t氧化镧产生的气体污染物最多的是CO2,液体污染物最多的是COD,固体废弃物最多的是废渣;(2)资源消耗的生态累积（火用）耗量最大,为249.002×1016sej,占总生态累积（火用）耗量的89.9%,其次是环境污染危害;(3)从环境影响类型看,生产对全球变暖和富营养化的影响较大,其生态累积（火用）耗量分别为4.17×1016sej和2.28×1016sej;(4)冶炼分离阶段对环境影响的贡献大,占整个生产过程的80.56%,是企业实施环境管理、污染控制的关键环节。并从降低生态累积（火用）耗及影响类型生态累积（火用）耗方面,提出优化空间与污染控制措施。
[Abstract]:Life cycle Assessment (LCA) is considered to be the most effective environmental management tool and environmental impact assessment method in the 21st century. It can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the environmental load in the whole life process of product production and promote the environmental coordination of product or production process. In order to provide theoretical basis for the government to make environmental management policy and enterprise environmental management, the traditional LCA has some limitations in practical production application, which can help enterprises to optimize the technology, improve the technology and choose the best technology. Ecological Life cycle Assessment (Eco-LCA) is a new evaluation method of LCA based on energy theory. It is an extension of traditional LCA. It can analyze and evaluate the ecological impact of industrial process and its sustainability, and identify the final ecological impact of production. The traditional LCA method overlooks the implicit contribution of ecosystem and social economy to the sustainable development of products, but its theoretical framework remains to be studied. Ionic rare earth is an important strategic non-renewable resource of our country, which will cause serious environmental problems in its production process. By studying the traditional LCA method and the (ECEC) measurement scheme of Eco-LCA ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption, based on the basic framework of LCA and combined with the environmental conditions of ionic rare earth production, the research target and system boundary of LCA for ionic rare earth production environment were established. The evaluation index system, aggregate accumulation model and environmental load sharing principle are established. At the same time, the evaluation model of ecologic accumulation (exergy) consumption (ECEC) including natural resource consumption (NC), socio-economic input (SC) and environmental pollution hazard (EI) was established. The traditional LCA overlooks the hidden influence of ecosystem and economic input on product production. In addition, combining the ECEC measurement method of Eco-LCA and the environmental design method of industrial products (Environmental Design of Industrial Products,EDIP) in Denmark for the first time, the evaluation model of ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of environmental impact types is established innovatively. The ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption is used to quantify the environmental load of each influence type, so that it can be compared and analyzed under the same unit of (sej), which can reflect the ecological impact of production, sustainability and key factors of environmental load. In this study, the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption and the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of the environmental impact type were studied on the basis of the basic framework of LCA, taking the 1t lanthanum oxide as the functional unit and the ionic rare earth production as the object of study, and the applied study on the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of the environmental impact type. The results show that: (1) the gas pollutants produced by 1t lanthanum oxide are the most CO2, liquid pollutants are COD, solid wastes are the most waste residue; (2) the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of resource consumption is the largest, which is 249.002 脳 1016 sej, accounting for 89.9% of the total ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption, followed by environmental pollution hazard; (3) the ecological accumulation (exergy) consumption of production is 4.17 脳 1016sej and 2.28 脳 1016sej, respectively, from the view of environmental impact type, which has a great influence on global warming and eutrophication. (4) smelting separation stage has a great contribution to environmental impact, accounting for 80.56% of the total production process, which is the key link of environmental management and pollution control in enterprises. From the aspects of reducing the exergy consumption of ecological accumulation (exergy) and the type of ecological accumulation (exergy) of influence type, the measures of optimizing space and pollution control are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：江西理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：X82

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