深圳市氮输入估算及其潜在生态风险识别

发布时间：2019-03-30 11:58

【摘要】：随着社会快速发展,剧烈的人类活动引发环境质量下降等生态问题,严重威胁社会可持续发展。目前,氮元素及相关指标已经被广范应用到生态、生物、环境和化学研究领域中,国内关于氮元素相关研究偏向水环境等直接排放区域,风险评估集中于人体健康方面,对区域尺度长时间人类活动引起的渐变性风险探讨较少,多强调特定的人类活动或产业形态,缺少影响氮输入人类活动全面评估。本文以典型城市化迅速城市深圳市为研究区,以人类活动过程氮输入为切入点,按工业生产、居民生活和农业生产三类活动定量化估算1991-2014年氮输入量,结合土地利用情况分析氮输入空间差异,通过氮输入持续高值区域和等级升高区域分析2000-2014年深圳市城市化生态风险。主要研究内容与成果如下:(1)基于统计年鉴数据定量化估算1991-2014年氮输入量。1991-2014年深圳市总氮输入量呈现增加后减少趋势,主要受居民生活过程氮输入影响。深圳市农业生产过程氮输入量逐年减少。工业生产过程氮输入量先减少后增加,转折于2001年,居民生活过程氮输入量先增加后减少,两者均受污水排放影响。基于与城市化相关的社会经济因子相关性分析表明,农业生产过程氮输入受第一产业增加值、人口和农业用地面积影响,居民生活过程氮输入量受第三产业产值影响,城市总氮输入受GDP影响,而工业生产过程氮输入受产业结构变化影响。(2)利用ArcGIS将氮输入量与遥感数据相结合分析氮输入的空间差异及等级变化。2000-2003深圳市氮输入高值区域集中于城市西南部的罗湖区和福田区,这是该时段内全市人类社会经济活动密集区域,2006年深圳市氮输入的高值区域向全市扩散,2010年氮输入高值区域地区包括盐田港以及福田区的商业区,2014年全市氮输入量处于一个均衡统一的状态。城市氮输入等级变化中,氮输入低值区转为高值区域零散分布于全市四周地区。(3)氮输入空间分布的异质性与时间变化的波动性造成深圳市氮输入生态风险整体不均衡,城市南部、西部人口密集区域存在潜在生态风险,交通用地尤其明显,这给深圳市带来了一定的威胁。深圳市研究期间氮承载压力有上涨趋势,长此以往将会给深圳市的环境带来压力,生态风险不断提升。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of society, severe human activities lead to the decline of environmental quality and other ecological problems, which seriously threaten the sustainable development of society. At present, nitrogen elements and related indicators have been widely used in ecological, biological, environmental and chemical studies. Domestic studies on nitrogen elements tend to direct emission areas such as water environment, and risk assessment focuses on human health. The risk of gradual change caused by long-term human activities at the regional scale is less discussed, with more emphasis on specific human activities or industrial forms, and a lack of comprehensive assessment of the impact of nitrogen input on human activities. Taking the typical rapidly urbanizing city of Shenzhen as the study area and taking the nitrogen input into the human activity process as the entry point, this paper quantitatively estimates the nitrogen input from 1991 to 2014 according to three types of activities: industrial production, resident life and agricultural production. Based on the analysis of spatial difference of nitrogen input, the ecological risk of urbanization in Shenzhen from 2000 to 2014 was analyzed by continuous high value region and elevated region of nitrogen input. The main contents and results are as follows: (1) the quantitative estimation of nitrogen input from 1991 to 2014 is based on statistical yearbook data. The total nitrogen input from 1991 to 2014 in Shenzhen City shows an increasing trend and then decreases, which is mainly affected by the nitrogen input in the life process of residents. The nitrogen input in the process of agricultural production in Shenzhen decreased year by year. The nitrogen input in the industrial production process decreased first and then increased. At the turning point in 2001, the nitrogen input in the life process of the residents increased first and then decreased. Both of them were affected by sewage discharge. Based on the correlation analysis of socio-economic factors related to urbanization, it is shown that the nitrogen input in the agricultural production process is affected by the added value of the primary industry, the population and the area of agricultural land, and the nitrogen input in the life process of the residents is affected by the output value of the tertiary industry. The urban total nitrogen input was affected by GDP. The nitrogen input in industrial production process is affected by the change of industrial structure. (2) the spatial difference and grade change of nitrogen input are analyzed by using ArcGIS combined with remote sensing data. High value region concentration of nitrogen input in Shenzhen, 2000-2003 In Luohu and Fukuda districts in the southwest of the city, This is a region with intensive human socio-economic activities throughout the city. In 2006, the high-value region of nitrogen input in Shenzhen spread to the whole city. In 2010, the high-value region of nitrogen input included Yantian Port and the commercial district of Fukuda District. In 2014, the total amount of nitrogen input into the city was in a balanced and unified state. In the urban nitrogen input grade change, the nitrogen input low-value region to the high-value area scattered around the city. (3) the heterogeneity of the spatial distribution of nitrogen input and the fluctuation of the temporal variation caused the overall imbalance of ecological risk of nitrogen input in Shenzhen. In the south of the city, there are potential ecological risks in the densely populated areas in the west of the city, especially the traffic land, which has brought some threats to Shenzhen. There is a rising trend of nitrogen bearing pressure in Shenzhen during the period of research. In the long run, it will bring pressure to the environment of Shenzhen, and the ecological risk will continue to rise.
【学位授予单位】：中国地质大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X826

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