大石桥市耕地质量评价研究

发布时间：2019-06-15 04:35

【摘要】：当前我国在经济社会快速发展,耕地资源随着城市发展而不断减少,在耕地数量减少的同时,人们往往忽视了耕地质量下降。耕地退化、地力下降、土壤污染和水土流失等问题使耕地质量严重下降,直接导致农作物减产,严重威胁到我国的粮食安全。在今年的全国第26个土地日宣传上,已经把加强耕地质量管理作为一个重要的主题,强调要打好耕地质量保护攻坚战。在这种严峻的形式下,国土资源部于2015年发布了《关于部署开展2015年全国耕地质量等别调查评价与监测工作的通知》,要求在全国范围内加速进行耕地质量等别调查及更新评价工作。同年,辽宁省国土资源厅发布的《关于加强新增耕地质量等别评定工作的通知》中要求将耕地质量等别评定报告作为申请耕地占补平衡技术复核时的依据。目前,国内学者多运用GIS空间数据管理技术结合采用模糊分析法、综合指数法、高光谱数据分析法、多目标综合评价法等方法开展耕地质量评价研究。结合大石桥市的实际自然和社会经济发展情况,本文选取了多目标综合评价法对大石桥市耕地质量进行评价研究。多目标综合评价法是指将多个指标转化为一个能够反映综合情况的指标来对研究对象进行评价的统计分析方法。在评价的过程中采用层次分析法及特尔菲法确定指标权重,从自然条件和社会经济条件两个方面选取9个指标(1.土壤有机质含量、2.土壤酸碱度(pH)、3.地形坡度、4.表层土壤质地、5.耕层厚度、6.地表岩石露头度、7.道路通达情况、8.排水条件、9.灌溉保证情况)建立大石桥市耕地质量评价指标体系。运用Arc GIS9.3软件对大石桥市耕地评价结果进行空间叠加分析,计算出大石桥市耕地质量综合评价分值,最高分值为88.43,最低分值为60.42,平均分值为79.54。运用Arc GIS软件的自然分级功能将全市耕地划分为四个等级(等级越高,耕地质量越好)。其中:一级耕地面积为3384.51公顷,占有量不多,仅占大石桥市耕地总面积的5.05%,主要分布在建一镇、周家镇和黄土岭镇,其它乡镇零星分布;二级耕地面积为10140.15公顷,占全市耕地总面积的15.11%,主要分布在官屯镇、博洛铺镇和黄土岭镇;三级耕地面积为19578.50公顷,占全市耕地总面积的29.19%,主要分布在旗口镇、高坎镇和虎庄镇;四级耕地面积为33979.79公顷,占全市耕地总面积的50.65%,四级耕地占有量最多且主要分布在水源镇、旗口镇和高坎镇。总体来看,四级耕地面积所占比重较大,全市耕地质量整体较好。综合评价分值西部地区较高于其它地区,西部地区耕地质量较高,东部地区耕地质量较差。本文通过对大石桥市域范围内的耕地质量进行综合评价,摸清影响耕地质量变化的因素,针对评价结果,在耕地质量保护和提升方面提出有针对性的建议和措施,为土地和农业等相关管理部门落实耕地质量数量双重管理、编制土地利用总体规划、划定基本农田保护区和制定土地供应计划提供参考依据。
[Abstract]:At present, in the rapid economic and social development of our country, the cultivated land resource is decreasing with the development of the city, while the quantity of the cultivated land is reduced, the quality of the cultivated land is often neglected. The degradation of cultivated land, the decline of soil fertility, the soil pollution and the water and soil loss caused a serious decline in the quality of the cultivated land, which directly led to the production of crops, which seriously threatened the food security of our country. In this year's 26th land-day publicity, the strengthening of the quality management of cultivated land has been regarded as an important theme, and it is emphasized that the quality of cultivated land should be well protected. In such a severe form, the Ministry of Land and Resources issued the Notice on the Deployment and Implementation of the National Survey and Evaluation and Monitoring of the National Cultivated Land in 2015, which requires that the quality of cultivated land be accelerated and the evaluation should be carried out within the whole country. In the same year, the report issued by the Ministry of Land and Resources of Liaoning Province on the strengthening of the quality of newly-added cultivated land, etc., requires that the quality of cultivated land be evaluated as the basis for applying for the review of the balance of the cultivated land. At present, the domestic scholars use the GIS spatial data management technology in combination with the method of fuzzy analysis, comprehensive index method, high-spectrum data analysis method and multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method to carry out the research on the quality of cultivated land. Based on the actual natural and socio-economic development of the city of Dashiqiao, this paper chooses the multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate the quality of cultivated land in Dashiqiao city. The multi-objective comprehensive evaluation method is a statistical analysis method for evaluating the research object by converting multiple indexes into an index that can reflect the comprehensive situation. In the process of evaluation, the index weight is determined by the analytic hierarchy process and the Tellfield method, and nine indexes (1) are selected from two aspects of the natural conditions and the socio-economic conditions. Soil organic matter content,2. Soil pH (pH),3. Topographic grade,4. Surface soil texture,5. Thickness of the plowing layer,6. Surface rock outcrop,7. Access to the road,8. Drainage conditions,9. To establish the index system of the quality of cultivated land in Dashiqiao city. The evaluation results of the cultivated land in Dashiqiao city were analyzed by Arc GIS9.3. The comprehensive evaluation of the cultivated land quality in Dashiqiao city was calculated. The highest score was 88.43, the lowest score was 60.42, and the average score was 79.54. By using the natural grading function of Arc GIS software, the cultivated land of the whole city is divided into four grades (the higher the grade is, the better the quality of the cultivated land). Among them, the first-level cultivated area is 3384.51 hectares, and the occupying amount is not much, which is only 5.05% of the total area of the cultivated land in the Dashiqiao city. The main distribution is one town in progress, Zhoujia Town and Tongling Town, and the other towns are distributed sporadically; the second-level cultivated area is 10140.15 hectares, accounting for 15.11% of the total cultivated land area of the whole city, The area of the three-level cultivated land is 19578.50 hectares, accounting for 29.19% of the total area of cultivated land in the whole city, and is mainly distributed in the town of the flag, the town of Gaoyou and the Town of the tiger, and the cultivated area of the fourth-stage is 33979.79 hectares, accounting for 50.65% of the total cultivated land area of the whole city. The four-stage cultivated land has the most occupied quantity and is mainly distributed in the water source town, the flag port town and the Gaokang Town. In general, the proportion of the four-level cultivated land is relatively large, and the overall quality of the cultivated land in the whole city is relatively good. In the west, the quality of cultivated land in the west is higher, and the quality of cultivated land in the east is poor. Based on the comprehensive evaluation of the quality of cultivated land in the region of the city of Dashiqiao, the paper makes a clear understanding of the factors that affect the change of the quality of the cultivated land, and puts forward some suggestions and measures for the protection and improvement of the quality of the cultivated land. To provide reference for land and agriculture, such as the dual management of the quantity of cultivated land, the preparation of the general plan for land use, the establishment of the basic farmland protection area and the development of the land supply plan.
【学位授予单位】：东北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S151.9

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