基于熵理论的东北虎饲养规律的研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 16:08

【摘要】：东北虎又称西伯利亚虎,是世界上极其珍贵的物种之一,隶属于亚种虎,2008年被评为全球十大濒危物种之一。因东北虎遍布地区分散且不统一,东北虎又被称为阿穆尔虎、阿尔泰虎、满洲虎、乌苏里虎、朝鲜虎等。大部分东北虎布于俄罗斯东南部、朝鲜三池渊郡及大红湍郡的长白山一带以及中国东北等地区。近年来,由于东北虎的生存环境变得越来越恶劣,食物变得越来越匮乏,东北虎的数量急剧下降。为了挽救濒临灭绝的东北虎,我国采用保护东北虎的栖息地、建立东北虎林园等措施加大对东北虎的保护力度。如今,我国东北虎的数量有了明显的增加。面对越来越庞大的东北虎种群,问题也随之而来,如何科学的饲养东北虎成为了研究的首要问题,既要保证东北虎健康可持续发展,又满足经济制约,从而既达到了挽救东北虎的目的,又缓解了经济上的压力。本文通过对东北虎林园野化驯养区相同年龄的半散放成年东北虎不同月份的食量进行统计研究,利用耗散结构理论中的熵理论研究东北虎的饮食与熵变规律,找出为东北虎提供科学饮食的理论依据。本文从熵理论出发,利用生命体熵理论分析成年东北虎不同季节即十二个月的采食规律。以哈尔滨东北虎林园一号野化训练区的东北虎的日饲食量为数据基础,以七只相同年龄的成年东北虎为研究对象,将七只成年东北虎分别对应为虎1、虎2、至虎7。分别计算七只东北虎2008年至2013年六个年份中不同月份的饲料量,联系不同月份哈尔滨的温度情况,计算不同月份成年东北虎的食量与熵变量。利用matlabR2014a软件建立东北虎不同月份的熵变模型与食量模型,在此基础上从最小二乘法理论出发,将半散放成年东北虎不同月份的食量与熵变规律利用多项式回归方法进行拟合,估计拟合模型的参数,比较多阶拟合的优劣,找出最优的经验回归方程来描述东北虎的熵变规律与食量规律。研究结果表明：随着外界环境温度的升高,东北虎为了维护体内熵的动态平衡,通过物质交换引入负熵减少,食量逐渐减少；随着外界环境温度的降低,通过物质交换引入负熵增加,东北虎食量逐渐增加。东北虎整年食量规律的研究符合从熵理论角度分析的熵变规律。在回归分析方面,成年东北虎通过物质交换导致负熵变化的规律呈现四次拟合趋势,四次拟合的精度更高；成年东北虎不同月份的食量规律呈现七次拟合趋势,七次拟合的优度高且稳定。通过研究根据熵变规律与食量规律饲养东北虎更科学且符合经济制约,其研究方法也为其它生命体的研究提供基本思路。
[Abstract]:Siberian tiger, also known as Siberian tiger, is one of the most precious species in the world, belonging to the subspecies tiger, and was named one of the top ten endangered species in the world in 2008. Because the Siberian tiger is scattered and not unified in the region, the Siberian tiger is also known as the Amur tiger, the Altai tiger, the Manchurian tiger, the Ursuli tiger, the Korean tiger and so on. Most Siberian tigers are located in southeastern Russia, Sanchiyuan County and Changbai Mountain in Dahong turbulent County, as well as in northeast China. In recent years, as the living environment of Siberian tiger has become worse and worse, food has become more and more scarce, the number of Siberian tiger has declined sharply. In order to save the endangered Siberian tiger, China has adopted measures such as protecting the habitat of the Siberian tiger and establishing the northeast tiger forest garden to strengthen the protection of the Siberian tiger. Nowadays, the number of Siberian tigers in China has increased significantly. In the face of more and more Siberian tiger population, the problem also follows, how to raise Siberian tiger scientifically has become the primary problem of research, not only to ensure the healthy and sustainable development of Siberian tiger, but also to meet the economic constraints, so as not only to save the Siberian tiger, but also to alleviate the economic pressure. In this paper, based on the statistical study on the food intake of semi-scattered adult Siberian tigers of the same age in the wild domestication area of Northeast Tiger Forest Garden, the diet and entropy change of Siberian tigers were studied by using entropy theory in dissipative structure theory, and the theoretical basis for providing scientific diet for Siberian tigers was found out. In this paper, based on the entropy theory, the feeding law of adult Siberian tiger in different seasons, that is, 12 months, is analyzed by using the entropy theory of life body. Based on the data of Siberian tiger in No. 1 wild training area of northeast tiger forest garden in Harbin, seven adult Siberian tigers of the same age were taken as the research object, and seven adult Siberian tigers were corresponding to tiger 1, tiger 2 and tiger 7, respectively. The feed volume of seven Siberian tigers in different months from 2008 to 2013 was calculated, and the food intake and entropy variables of adult Siberian tigers in different months were calculated according to the temperature of Harbin in different months. The entropy change model and food intake model of Siberian tiger in different months were established by matlabR2014a software. On this basis, based on the least square theory, the food intake and entropy change law of semi-scattered adult Siberian tiger in different months were fitted by multinomial regression method, the parameters of the fitting model were estimated, the advantages and disadvantages of multi-order fitting were compared, and the optimal empirical regression equation was found to describe the entropy change law and food intake law of Siberian tiger. The results show that with the increase of external environment temperature, in order to maintain the dynamic balance of entropy in the body, the introduction of negative entropy through material exchange decreases and the amount of food gradually decreases, and with the decrease of external environment temperature, the introduction of negative entropy through material exchange increases, and the food intake of Siberian tiger increases gradually. The study on the annual food intake of Siberian tiger accords with the entropy change law analyzed from the point of view of entropy theory. In regression analysis, the law of negative entropy change caused by material exchange in adult Siberian tiger showed the trend of four times fitting, and the accuracy of four times fitting was higher, and the food intake law of adult Siberian tiger in different months showed the trend of seven times fitting, and the goodness of seven times fitting was high and stable. It is more scientific and economical to raise Siberian tiger according to the law of entropy change and food intake, and its research method also provides the basic idea for the study of other living organisms.
【学位授予单位】：东北林业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：S865.31

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