《商君书》经济思想研究

发布时间：2017-12-26 17:16

本文关键词：《商君书》经济思想研究　出处：《哈尔滨商业大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：“百代效行秦政治”。先秦时期,商鞅力推改革,其变法为秦国的富国强兵奠定了坚实的物质基础,同时,也对中国的政治体制改革造成了深远影响。商鞅及其后学的治世之道集中记录于《商君书》一书中,因此,研究《商君书》的经济思想,既是我们了解战国社会经济变革的有效途径,也是我们理解商鞅及秦经济制度的重要依据。本文拟在前人研究的基础上结合蒋礼鸿先生的《商君书锥指》和近几年陆续刊布的考古资料专门对《商君书》经济思想进行系统梳理、解读与评价。文章共分为五个部分。第一章：绪论。该部分主要介绍了选题的意义与文献综述。对于综述部分,本文从本末论、赋役论、人口论三个角度出发,对已有的研究成果进行系统归纳和总结。第二章：基本理论。这部分主要阐述相关的历史学与经济学理论。从历史唯物主义角度出发,结合历史变异论与名利论,论述了商鞅经济变革的依据。然后以效用论、激励理论与信息一连带责任理论等经济学理论为指导,对《商君书》中的农业、手工业、商业和赋役等思想进行了考证与剖析。第三章：商鞅与《商君书》。该部分主要介绍了商鞅个人的生平传略、《商君书》的流传以及《商君书》所处的时代背景。第四章：《商君书》经济思想的内容。这部分主要分析了本末论、赋役论与人口论,其主要思想体现在如下几个方面：(一)在重农抑末方面,《商君书·农战》从正反两方面论证了农业与战争以及土地与人口的关系。至于末业,商鞅主要采取的抑商举措有控制商品流通、重课商税、严格管控军市、加强关市的管理和征发商人服役等。(二)在田税征收思想方面,《商君书》及秦简显示,秦依据“什一”之税率征收田租,所征之税为实物形态。当然,秦还征收田亩附加税：一是“刍z>”税除了征缴实物外,还可以折钱上交；二是“刍”税既可折钱缴纳,又可按户征收；三是加强“桌税”的征收。(三)在末业税征收和徭役征发思想方面,商鞅提出了一些具体的措施,如“重关市之赋”、“贵酒肉之价,重其租,令十倍其朴”、“市利尽归于农”、家臣须服“役事”、驱使贵族子弟服徭役、强迫商人及其家人服徭等。(四)在人口论方面,商鞅也提出了一系列有利于国富兵强的政策举措。概而言之,这些举措包括如下儿点：第一,百姓守法,则“国强”：第二,“国富而贫治”,国家就会强人；第三,“兵行敌之所不敢行”,百姓出战不惧死；第四,“法有”和“主变”结合,则百姓可治：第五,坚持农战,则“国致物者强”。第六,使民“辱”、“弱”、“贫”,则国家就会强大：第七,去除“六虱”,净化农战环境。第五章：《商君书》经济思想的历史地位及其现代意义评价。以“农战”为核心的《商君书》经济思想具有重要的历史导向性,但其“弱民”与“抑末”思想也具有一定的历史局限性。
[Abstract]:"The politics of Qin emi". The pre Qin period, Shang Yang pushed for reform, the reform has laid the foundation for a solid state fuguoqiangbing, at the same time, also caused a profound impact on the political system reform Chinese. Taoism Shang Yang and his followers from recorded in the "book of Lord Shang" in one book, so the study of "the book of Lord Shang" economic thought is an effective way to our understanding of the Warring States period of the social and economic reform, but also an important basis for our understanding of Shang Yang and Qin economic system. This paper with Mr. Jiang Lihong on the basis of previous research, "the book of Lord Shang cone" and in recent years have published archaeological data specifically of "the book of Lord Shang" economic thought interpretation and evaluation system, combing. The article is divided into five parts. Chapter one: introduction. This part mainly introduces the significance of the topic and the literature review. For this part, this article from the theory, tax theory, theory of population of three point of view, the existing research results and summarized system. The second chapter: the basic theory. This part mainly expounds the relevant theories of history and economics. From the perspective of historical materialism, the basis of Shang Yang's economic change is discussed in combination with the theory of historical variation and the theory of fame and wealth. Then the utility theory, incentive theory and information theory with responsibility for economic theory as a guide, to "the book of Lord Shang" in agriculture, handicraft industry and commerce, taxes and other ideas for the textual research and analysis. The third chapter: Shang Yang and the book of Shang Jun. This part mainly introduces Shang Yang's personal life, "the book of Lord Shang" and the spread of "the book of Lord Shang" the background of the times. The fourth chapter: the content of the economic thought of the book of Shang Jun. This part mainly analyzes the theory, tax theory and the theory of population, the main idea is reflected in the following aspects: (a) in restraining end, "the book of Lord Shang Vernon war" demonstrates the relationship between agriculture and war, land and population from two sides. As for the country, taking measures taken by anti Shang Yang mainly control the circulation of commodities, heavy taxes, strict control in the course of business, strengthen the management and recruitment service and other merchants joint. (two) in the land tax collection and thought, "the book of Lord Shang" and "Qin Qin, according to what a" land rent tax levy, the tax levied by the real form. Of course, Qin also imposed additional tax levy: one is "a z>" in addition to tax collection of objects, also can be folded money delivered; two is "on" tax can fold money to pay, and can be collected by household; the three is to strengthen the "table of tax levied. (three) in the country taxes and corvee then thought, Shang Yang put forward some concrete measures, such as "Guan Fu" and "expensive wine prices, the rent to ten times of the park", "city as to agriculture", "service" to take a retainer, driven by the aristocracy the children were forced service service, merchants and family service service etc.. (four) in the population theory, Shang Yang also put forward a series of policies and measures to help soldiers guofu. In general, these measures include the following points: first, the people of the law, is "strong": second, "the poor governance", "third countries will, for military strongman; the enemy dare not", the people out without fear of death; fourth, "law" and "change" with it people can cure: fifth, adhere to the "agriculture war, caused a strong country". Sixth, the country will be "humiliated", "weak" and "poor", and the state will be strong: seventh, to remove "six lice" and to purify the agricultural war environment. The fifth chapter: the historical status of the economic thought of the book of Shang Jun and the evaluation of its modern significance. The economic thought of Shang Jun Shu, with the core of "agriculture and war" as its core, has important historical orientation, but its "weak people" and "suppression of the end" have certain historical limitations.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：B226.2;F092.2

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