激励企业低碳发展的碳排放配额分配机制研究

发布时间：2018-01-21 16:29

本文关键词： 碳排放配额分配机制配额分配方法总量控制目标配额确定依据低碳发展　出处：《天津科技大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当前我国面临着来自于国内外的强大减排压力,在国际上,我国作为世界上温室气体排放总量最大的国家,在国际气候谈判中一直处于被动状态,发达国家一直试图将我国拉入强制减排的行列,2020年以后我国承担量化指标已经成为不远的事实。而在国内方面,我国的经济发展越来越受到资源和环境的制约,资源短缺,环境承载力有限成为我国国情新的基本特征,近年来雾霾天气越来越受到国家上下的关注,低碳发展已经成为我国社会发展发展的必要目标。然而,我国长期以行政命令减排的方式已经出现了不合理之处,严重影响了我国经济社会发展的正常秩序,对企业的低碳发展也不能起到良好的激励作用,基于此,选择建立在市场基础上的碳排放权交易体系能够最大程度的刺激企业以更加成本有效性的方式降低碳排放,不仅有利于提高我国企业的低碳竞争力,也有利于提升我国的国际形象和繁荣我国的市场经济。碳配额分配机制的确定是碳交易的基础和中心环节,直接影响到碳市场乃至本地区经济和社会的健康稳定发展。当前中国碳交易市场试点工作已经进入关键时期,深圳、上海、天津等交易已经上线,但是全国性碳市场建设的前景尚不明朗,因此,研究碳配额分配机制的具体问题对于我国未来碳市场的建设有着良好的借鉴意义。本文借鉴国内外最新研究成果,基于国际碳排放权配额分配机制的经验教训,例如欧盟的EUETS、美国RGGI、澳大利亚和新西兰机制等,结合国内碳试点配额分配机制的实践,采用案例分析法和对比分析法的研究方式,分析“总量控制和交易”(Cap-and-Trade)的交易模式下具体的配额分配机制,综合考虑试点区域经济、产业和能源结构等特点,提出具有可行性的能以成本有效性的市场化手段实现碳约束目标并能够同时激励企业低碳发展的碳排放权配额分配交易机制。
[Abstract]:At present, China is facing a strong pressure from home and abroad to reduce emissions. Internationally, as the world's largest greenhouse gas emissions, China has been in a passive state in the international climate negotiations. Developed countries have been trying to pull China into the ranks of mandatory emission reduction. After 2020, it has become a fact that China has assumed quantitative targets. The economic development of our country is more and more restricted by resources and environment. The shortage of resources and the limited carrying capacity of environment have become the new basic characteristics of our country's national conditions. In recent years, the weather of haze has attracted more and more attention from all over the country. Low-carbon development has become the necessary goal of social development in China. However, in the form of long-term executive order emission reduction has been unreasonable, seriously affected the normal order of economic and social development in China. The low-carbon development of enterprises can not play a good incentive role, based on this. The choice of carbon trading system based on the market can stimulate enterprises to reduce carbon emissions in a more cost-effective way, which is not only conducive to improve the low-carbon competitiveness of Chinese enterprises. Also conducive to the promotion of China's international image and prosperity of our market economy. The determination of carbon quota allocation mechanism is the basis and central link of carbon trading. Direct impact on the carbon market and even the healthy and stable development of the region's economy and society. At present, China's carbon trading market pilot work has entered a critical period, Shenzhen, Shanghai, Tianjin and other transactions have been online. However, the prospect of national carbon market construction is not clear. Therefore, the study of carbon quota allocation mechanism has a good reference significance for the future construction of carbon market in China. This paper draws lessons from the latest research results at home and abroad, based on the experience and lessons of the international carbon emission quota allocation mechanism, such as EUETS of the European Union, RGGI of the United States, Australia and New Zealand mechanism and so on. Combined with the practice of domestic carbon pilot quota allocation mechanism, case analysis method and comparative analysis method are adopted. This paper analyzes the specific quota allocation mechanism of Cap-and-Trade-based "Total quantity Control and Trading", and considers the characteristics of pilot regional economy, industry and energy structure. This paper proposes a feasible mechanism of carbon emission quota allocation and trading which can achieve the target of carbon constraint by cost-effective market-oriented means and can also stimulate the development of low-carbon enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：天津科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F279.2;X196

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