激进政治经济学派述评

发布时间：2018-01-30 17:41

本文关键词： 激进政治经济学派述评　出处：《吉林大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：晚期巴蜀文化的发现以墓葬为主，墓葬的随葬器物中，包含有大量的青铜兵器，这些兵器具有区别于其它周边文化的典型特色。以往对巴蜀兵器的研究主要集中在形制的划分、纹饰的分析等方面，而对于巴蜀兵器在墓葬中随葬的作用多不提及。近年来，随着什邡城关等几座大型墓地材料的丰富，巴蜀兵器大量的出土，使得对巴蜀兵器进行综合研究成为可能。本文研究的对象是战国、秦到汉初巴蜀墓葬出土的兵器。共分六部分。第一部分：搜集历年已发表的战国到汉初的巴蜀墓葬作为原始材料，以洪梅对晚期巴蜀文化的分期作为基础，在对一些墓葬的分期进行了校正以及没有涉及的墓葬进行了分期的前提下，将晚期巴蜀文化的墓葬分为战国早期、战国中期、战国晚期、秦到西汉四个时期。第二部分：根据葬具的差异和有无将晚期巴蜀文化的墓葬分为船棺墓、木棺墓、木椁墓、木板墓和土坑墓五大类，主要对船棺葬进行分类，分为典型船棺和非典型船棺，而且在不考虑葬具情况下，分析得出战国中、晚期的巴蜀墓葬仅从墓坑大小上可以分为两个级别。第三部分：详细论述了巴蜀墓葬中剑、戈、矛、钺四种兵器在不同时期的特点和变化。柳叶形剑和铜矛在整个战国时期，多样的纹饰组合是其最有特色的部分，因此本文从剑身和矛毠部刻画的纹饰入手，对其不同时期的纹饰组合进行了归纳。同时剑、戈这两种兵器在形制上的变化，反映其功能是向着实战功能增强的方向发展。铜戈划分为三角援无胡戈、短胡戈、长胡戈三种。三角援戈、短胡戈主要存在与战国早、中期，且由宽援三角援戈发展而成的圭首形戈到战国晚期作为明器使用。长胡戈中的虎纹戈因其华丽的虎纹而成为一种重要的兵器。凡是出土虎纹戈的墓葬其随葬品都较为丰富，而且以兵器为主要的随葬器物，兵器的数量和种类都较多。战国晚期，单独虎头细致夸张的刻画，这些都说明巴蜀墓葬的虎纹戈具有区别于不同兵器的地位。非虎纹戈到晚期出现雕刻古蜀文字的现象，西汉初年已经完全成为被中原式的长胡三穿戈取代。铜钺从战国早期到战国晚期，空銎越来越深，钺体也越加轻薄，以其形制和大小，，作为一种实战的兵器显然也是不合适，单独随葬铜钺的墓葬等级较低。可见，铜钺发展到战国晚期，很大可能也是作为明器出现在巴蜀墓葬中。　第四部分：详细论述了兵器在晚期巴蜀文化中的作用。在晚期巴蜀文化的不同时期，随葬兵器的种类数量多少与葬具有无、墓坑大小及伴 38 WP=43 出器物多少呈正比。以百花潭为代表的兵器种类齐全，又随葬中原文化和楚文化青铜礼器的一类墓葬等级最高，墓主人应该是上层统治者；其它出土三、四种兵器的墓葬等级较之相比地位稍低，从出土铜器较多，且兵器丰富的情况看，墓主人应该是军队的中上层军官；随葬一、二种兵器的墓葬等级较低，墓主人应该是军队下层军官或士兵。　铜剑是最常单独随葬用的兵器，其次是铜矛、铜钺，铜戈基本上不会单独出现在墓葬中。剑、戈、矛的组合是最常见的三种兵器组合，且出土剑、戈、矛组合的墓葬等级高于其它组合的墓葬。　在晚期巴蜀文化的墓葬中，等级较高的墓葬中使用船棺作为葬具的较多，且都为典型的船棺或未分类的船棺，墓坑长宽比都在５：１以上；等级较低的墓葬使用船棺作为葬具时多为非典型船棺或未分类的船棺，墓坑长宽比接近３：１。这说明两头上翘的典型船棺墓的等级高于两头截齐的非典型船棺。　第五部分：对不出土巴蜀兵器的墓葬进行了分类。在不出土兵器的巴蜀墓葬中,去除女性墓葬和外来因素为主的墓葬后，不出土兵器的巴蜀墓葬基本不见随葬品或仅有陶器随葬，因此可以说这些不见兵器的巴蜀墓葬等级很低，墓主人可能是处于社会最低层的巴蜀居民。第六部分：结语, 对前文的论述进行概括和总结。
[Abstract]:Discovery of late Ba Shu culture mainly from graves, burial artifacts, contains a large number of
Bronze weapons, which are distinguished from other surrounding cultures.
The research of Shu weapons mainly focuses on the division of the form, the analysis of the ornamentation and so on, and to Bashu.
The role of buried weapons in the tombs is not mentioned. In recent years, with the Shifang Chengguan several large
The abundant material of the cemetery and the abundant unearthed Bashu weapons made a comprehensive study of the Bashu weapons.
It is possible.
The object of this study is the weapons unearthed from the burial burials of the Warring States period, the Qin Dynasty and the early Han Dynasty. It is divided into six parts.
.
Part one: the collection of Bashu burial burials from the Warring States period to the early Han Dynasty as the original material,
On the basis of the stages of Hongmei's late Bashu culture, the stages of some burials were studied.
The tombs of the late Bashu culture are divided into the precondition of the tombs that are not involved, and the tombs of the late Bashu culture are divided.
In the early Warring States period, the middle of the Warring States period, the late Warring States period, the Qin Dynasty and the Western Han Dynasty four periods.
The second part: according to the difference of burial utensils and the burial of the late Bashu culture, it is divided into a ship's coffin
The wooden coffin tomb, the tomb, the tomb and wood coffin tomb, the tomb pit five categories, mainly on the classification of boat coffin burial,
It is divided into typical coffin and atypical coffin, and in the case of burial, the analysis of the Warring States of the Warring States
In late may only from Bashu burial pit size is divided into two levels.
The third part discusses in detail the Bashu burial in the sword, dagger, spear, Tomahawk four weapons in different
The characteristics and changes of the period. The lancet sword and the copper spear in the Warring States period, the various combinations of ornamentation
Is the most distinctive part, so this paper from the blade and the spear Jia Department depicts the decoration of
The combination of ornamentation in different periods has been summed up. At the same time, the changes in the form of the two weapons of the sword and the tango
It reflects that its function is in the direction of strengthening the actual combat function.
Hu Ge, short Hu Ge, long Hu Ge three kinds. The triangle of the tango, the short Hu Ge existed mainly with the Warring States, middle
Period, and by the aid of triangular wide blade Ge evolved to form the first GUI Ge as funerary objects. The late Warring States Period
Hu Gezhong the tiger goin the magnificent tiger and become an important weapon. Those who unearthed the tiger
Wen Ge tombs of its funerary objects are more abundant, and the weapons as the main weapon of funerary objects.
In the late Warring States, the meticulous and exaggerated portrayal of the individual tiger's head in the Warring States period said that
The Ming Tombs of Bashu tiger is different from Ge of different weapons status. Non huwena Ge to late
In the early years of the Western Han Dynasty, the phenomenon of carving ancient Shu characters was completely taken as the three wear of the Zhongyuan Style Long Hu.
The copper Tomahawk generation. From the early Warring States period to the late Warring States period, the empty socket is more and more deep, more thin body Tomahawk, to
The shape and size as a combat weapon is obviously inappropriate, copper ax separate objects
The burial level is low. So the copper Tomahawk to the late Warring States period, probably as a burial
Now in the burial of Bashu.
The fourth part: a detailed exposition of the role of weapons in the late Bashu culture. In the late Bashu
In different periods of culture, the number of species and the number of funerary weapons has no burial pit, and with the size of
Thirty-eight
WP=43
How many objects proportional. Weapon types to Baihuatan as the representative of the complete, and funerary culture of Central Plains
And a class of tombs of Chu culture of bronze is the highest, the owner of the tomb should be the upper rulers;
It is unearthed three, the four kinds of weapons have a slightly lower rank compared to the status of the tombs, from the unearthed copper.
And the weapon rich situation, should be the owner of the tomb in the upper officer army; a two burial.
The grade of the tombs of weapons is low, and the owner of the tomb should be an army officer or a soldier under the army.
Bronze sword is the most commonly used single funerary weapons, followed by copper spear, copper - Copper Ge basically not
The combination of swords, dagger and spears is the most common combination of three kinds of weapons.
The burial grade of the unearthed sword, the tango and the spear is higher than the other combination burial.
In the burial of the late Bashu culture, a boat coffin was used as a burial tool in a higher grade burial.
More, and is a typical ship coffin or unspecified ship coffin, grave length width ratio is above 5:1;
The lower grade tombs are used as the atypical coffin or unclassified coffin when the coffin is used as a burial.
The pit aspect ratio close to 3:1. which shows two typical upturned boat coffin tomb level higher than the two section
The atypical coffin of the ship.
The fifth part: the burial of the unearthed Bashu weapons is classified. The unearthed weapons are not unearthed.
In the burial of Bashu, after the tombs of female tombs and foreign factors are removed, the Bashu, which is not unearthed, is unearthed.
The tombs basically seen funerary objects or funerary pottery only, it can be said that these weapons do not see the Sichuan
The burial grade is very low, and the owner of the tomb may be a Bashu resident at the lowest level of society.
The sixth part: conclusion, summarize and summarize the discussion of the previous article.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F091.3

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