“政府租金导向政策”研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 00:11

本文关键词： 寻租租金来源政府善意创租政府租金导向政策 FDI 激励政策出口退税政策　出处：《东华大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 寻租是现代市场经济国家和向市场经济转轨国家普遍存在的一种经济现象。它不仅关系到一个国家的经济发展能否顺利进行，而且关系到这个国家的政治能否稳定，是事关一国经济和社会改革、发展和稳定大局的大问题。因此，寻租成为引起世界各国政治界、经济界和法律界人士进行理论研究和对策思考的一个跨世纪的挑战性热点问题。古典经济学家认为，竞争均衡是垄断不断建立而又不断被打破的动态均衡，虽然垄断是不可避免的，但他们拥护并坚持自由放任政策。他们认为，政府是人们建立并保护垄断的工具，没有政府的干预，竞争过程将会正常进行，如果政府不加入竞争过程，竞争最终将发挥作用，政府干预一般会使事情变糟。寻租理论研究在这个思想的指导下，逐渐地发展成熟，不仅在公共选择和国际贸易领域得到了发展，而且成为新制度经济学家和新经济史学家的研究对象。寻租理论研究，使近年来经济学界对“政府失灵”现象的认识更为深刻，为弥补和矫正“市场失灵”的政策设计提供了更周全的思考，为建立更为有效的市场经济秩序指出了方向，同时，该理论对于分析和治理现实社会中出现的“腐败”现象，也提供了强有力的理论支持。但是，寻租活动并不是无一例外地导致经济增长低效率，因而，主流寻租理论观点受到了一些学者的批判和挑战。笔者认为主流寻租理论研究的局限性主要体现在两个方面：首先，市场经济体制的充分有效性假设，忽视发展中国家的具体国情；其次，缺乏动态考察，仅仅局限于静态分析。市场虽然是资源配置的最优手段，但是，其充分运行的前提条件是完善的市场体制，否则，市场就无法发挥其最优配置的能力，对于经济落后国家和经济转型国家的寻租分析，不健全的市场体制这个国情没有被纳入考虑的前提；同时，主流寻租理论研究只注重寻租成本投入，忽视寻租活动产出，缺乏成本-收益的动态考察，也是造成寻租研究局限性的原因。本文针对主流寻租理论研究的以上不足，对政府主动创租、被动创租和无意创租的“租金来源”做进一步地拓展和补充，提出政府“善意创租”和“政府租金导向政策”概念，，指出在市场经济体制不完全条件下，政府利用如产业政策、地区发展政策、吸引外资政策以及其’ 他有关经济优惠(如税收减免、补贴、低息或无息贷款、授予特权) 政策，人为地为企业创造垄断租金，利用租金这个经济杠杆去人为引导资源配置，以实现特定时期的经济发展目标;由于这种寻租活动大多是在政府的“绩效考核”和“绩效监督”下进行，从而使寻租活动能够发挥强有力的积极效应，推动一国经济贸易的发展。东亚国家，特别是韩国和日本的发展为我们提供了很好的典型事例。政府“善意创租”和“政府租金导向政策”在我国也同样存在。自从经济体制改革以来，尤其是改革开放之初，由于落后的经济基础及不完善的经济体制，我国在经济贸易发展过程中，积极运用“租金，导向政策”(吸引外资激励政策和出口退税政策)，扶持特定产业发展和扩大商品出口，为我国经济贸易的发展做出了积极的贡献。本文在实证分析的过程中，探讨我国“政府租金导向政策”的产生背景及运用情况，同时结合该政策运行中存在的问题和不足，对在WTO条件下，该“租金导向政策”的发展提出笔者新的见解和新的思路。
[Abstract]:Rent seeking is the modern market economy countries and countries in transition to market economy exists a kind of economic phenomenon. It is not only related to the economic development of a country can proceed smoothly, but also related to the country's political stability, is related to a country's economic and social reform, problems in the development and stability. Therefore, the rent-seeking be caused by political circles all over the world, the economic circles and the legal circles for theoretical research and Countermeasures of a cross century challenging hot issue.
The classical economists believe that the competitive equilibrium is dynamic and constantly establish monopoly was broken, although the monopoly is inevitable, but they support and adhere to the policy of laissez-faire. They think the government is to establish and protect the monopoly of the people, there is no government intervention, the competition will be normal, if the government does not join the competition process, competition will play the role of government intervention will make things worse.
In the view of rent-seeking theory research, gradually mature, not only by the public choice and development in the field of international trade, but also become the object of study of new institutional economics and new economic historians. The rent-seeking theory research, in recent years, the understanding of "government failure" phenomenon in economic circles is more profound thinking offers more comprehensive and correct "policy designed to compensate for market failure, to establish a more effective market economic order has pointed out the direction, at the same time, the theory for the analysis and control of social reality in the emergence of the" corruption "phenomenon, but also provide a strong theoretical support.
However, the rent-seeking activities without causing low efficiency of economic growth, therefore, the mainstream view of rent-seeking theory has attracted some scholars to criticize and challenge. The author thinks that the limitations of the mainstream theory of rent-seeking is mainly reflected in two aspects: first, the market economy system fully effective hypothesis, ignoring the specific national conditions of developing countries; secondly, the lack of dynamic study, confined to static analysis. Although the market is the best means of allocation of resources, but the premise is fully operational and perfect market system, otherwise, the market will not be able to play its optimal allocation, the economic backwardness of rent-seeking countries and countries with economies in transition, the imperfect market system in this situation is not considered the premise; at the same time, the mainstream of rent-seeking theory studies only focus on rent-seeking cost, ignoring the rent-seeking activities of production, the lack of cost The dynamic study of income, is caused by the limitations of the research. The reason of rent-seeking
The above problems for the mainstream of rent-seeking theory research, on the initiative of the government rent creating, passive
Rent creating and not rent creating "rent source" to further expand and complement, put forward "good government
Ichoice rent "and" government rent oriented policy "concept, points out that it is not completely in the market economy
Under the condition of using government such as industrial policy, regional development policy, the policy of attracting foreign capital and its "
He is related to economic incentives (such as tax relief, subsidies, low interest or interest free loans, grant privileges)
Policy, artificially create monopoly rents for the enterprise, using the economic lever to lead for rent
Guide the allocation of resources, to achieve the specific period of economic development goals; because of the large rent-seeking activities
How is the government's "performance" and "performance supervision", so as to make the rent-seeking
Can play a strong positive effect, promote the economic development of a country in East Asia trade,
Especially the development of South Korea and Japan provides a typical example of very good for us.
The government of "goodwill rent creation" and "government rent oriented policy" also exists in our country.
Since the economic reform, especially the reform and opening up, the economic basis
And the imperfect economic system, China's trade in the economic development process, to actively use the "rent,
("policy to attract foreign investment incentive policy and the export tax rebate policy to support the development of certain industries).
And expand exports of goods, to make a positive contribution to the development of China's economy and trade in this article.
The process of empirical analysis, the background of China "government rent oriented policy" and
With the situation, combined with the existing problems in the operation of the policy and lack of conditions in the WTO,
The author puts forward new ideas and new ideas for the development of the "rent oriented policy".

【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.6

【引证文献】