中国城市生活垃圾处置经济学分析

发布时间：2018-02-24 18:16

本文关键词： 城市生活垃圾处置减量化资源化无害化绿色投入产出核算体系循环经济政策评价　出处：《武汉理工大学》2004年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着中国经济的高速发展，城市化进程的加快，人民生活水平的提高，城市生活垃圾的产生量快速增加，城市生活垃圾对市容环境和生态环境的污染日趋严重，成为阻碍中国经济可持续发展的障碍之一，已引起了全社会的关注。早期的城市规模小，，城市生活垃圾产量低，垃圾成分简单，垃圾成分中以灰土、菜叶等有机物为主，在自然条件下容易被环境消纳，尽管当时的处置手段简单，但城市生活垃圾对环境的危害并不明显。随着城市人口剧增，生活质量的提高，城市生活垃圾的产量及垃圾成分变得复杂，在垃圾中的无机物成分及有毒有害残留物增多，这就给城市生活垃圾的收集、分类、运输、处置增添了难度。处置技术选用不当会造成影响城市景观、占用土地、污染土壤及地下水资源、影响空气质量、传播疾病影响居民健康，这一问题已引起了世界各国的高度关注。正如联合国开发计划署、联合国环境规划署、世界资源研究所在1998年世界资源报告中指出：城市生活垃圾是21世纪最重要的环境问题，城市生活垃圾处置是21世纪最有前景的产业之一。城市生活垃圾处置水平已经成为衡量一个国家、一个城市文明程度以及城市管理者的环境意识和城市都市化、现代化程度的重要标志。过去中国城市生活垃圾处置一直沿用计划经济时期的政府负责处置，政府承担处置费用的管理机制。这样在城市生活垃圾处置设施的选择中往往考虑保护环境符合环境标准的因素较多，而忽视垃圾处置成本费用最低，市场利润最大的因素，严重背离了市场经济环境下经济运行管理规律，随着垃圾产生量的逐年增长，政府财政难以承担过高的处置费用，使一个新型的朝阳产业走进了恶性循环的怪圈。本文综合应用经济学、可持续发展战略学、环境经济学、技术经济学、产业经济学、国民经济管理学、政策学的原理对城市生活垃圾处置作经济学分析。整个工作基于现代边际机会成本(Marginal Opportunity Cost, MOC)理论，应用绿色投入产出核算理论方法，建立与现实情况较吻合的存量流量型资源—经济—环境一体化绿色投入产出经济分析模型。并引入国际上近年兴起的生命周期评价(LCA)、循环经济(Circular Economy)及工业生态学理论，结合中国经济实际，对相关应用问题诸如：绿色税费—资源—能源—经济—环境综合核算进行深入分析，寻求以环境友好的方式利用自然资源和环境容量，实现经济活动的生态化转向；在城市生活垃圾处置中贯彻“减量武汉理工大学博士学位论文化(Reducing)再使用(R冶璐ing)再循环(ReCycling)”为内容的行为原则(称为3R原则)，使城市生活垃圾的反复利用和再生循环得到重视，实现在更广泛的社会范围内或在消费过程中、消费过程后层次上组织物质和能源的循环，进而实现可持续发展所要求的环境与经济双赢。城市生活垃圾处置的经济政策是中国环境政策的一个重要组成部分，本文在上述研究基础上，通过对现行的城市生活垃圾处置管理政策进行分析，利用价格、税收、信贷、投资、微观刺激和宏观调节等经济杠杆，提出了适应中国城市生活垃圾处置管理经营社会化、企业化、市场化、产业化的综合管理经济政策体系，为政府决策提供依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Chinese economy, city urbanization, improving people's living standards, the rapid increase in production of the city garbage, the city's environment and the ecological environment of the city garbage pollution is becoming more and more serious, become an obstacle to the sustainable development of Chinese economy one of the obstacles, has attracted the attention of the whole society.
The early city small city garbage output low, garbage composition is simple, the composition of the garbage to dust, leaves and other organic matter, under natural conditions can be environmental friendly even though the means of disposal, simple, but city life garbage harm to the environment is not obvious. With the increasing of city population, improve the quality of life the yield and composition of garbage, city garbage has become more complex, inorganic substances in the garbage and toxic residues, which give the city living garbage collection, transportation, disposal of classification, add difficult degree. The inappropriate treatment technology will affect the city landscape, the occupation of land, pollution of soil and groundwater resources, the effect of air the quality of the spread of the disease affecting the health of residents, which has attracted great attention of the world. As the United Nations Development Programme, the United Nations Environment Programme and the world. The source pointed out that the Research Institute in 1998 the world resources report: city garbage is the most important environmental issues in twenty-first Century, city life garbage disposal is one of the most promising industries in twenty-first Century. City life garbage disposal level has become the measure of a country, a city civilization degree, the environmental awareness of city management and city urbanization, an important sign of the degree of modernization.
In the past Chinese city garbage disposal has been adopted in the planned economy period the government is responsible for the disposal of the management mechanism of government bear the costs of disposal. So in the city garbage disposal facilities in the choice often consider more factors to protect the environment to meet the environmental standards, while ignoring the garbage disposal of the minimum cost and maximum profit factors, a serious departure from the management the law of economic operation under the environment of market economy, with the amount of waste generated is increasing year by year, the government could not afford such a high treatment cost, make a new rising industry into a vicious cycle.
This comprehensive application of economics, sustainable development strategy, environmental economics, technical economics, industrial economics, economic management, economics analysis principle policy study on city life garbage disposal. On the basis of modem cost (Marginal Opportunity Cost, MOC) theory, the application of green input-output accounting theory, establish more consistent with the reality of the resources economy environment integration green input-output economic analysis model. And the concept of life cycle assessment (LCA), circular economy (Circular Economy) and the theory of industrial ecology, combined with the actual application of China economy, related issues such as: green tax - resources - energy - economy environmental accounting comprehensive in-depth analysis, seeking to use the natural resources and environmental capacity in an environmentally friendly way to achieve the The ecological transformation of economic activities and the implementation of "reduction" in the disposal of municipal solid waste.
Ph.D Dissertation of Wuhan University of Technology
The behavior principle of (Reducing) reuse (R smelt ing) recirculation (ReCycling) as content
For the 3R principle, the repeated utilization and recycling of municipal solid waste have been paid more attention to, and it is realized more widely.
In a broad society or in the consumption process, the circulation of material and energy is organized at the level of consumption after the consumption process.
To achieve a sustainable development, the environment and the economy are required to win a win-win situation.
The economic policy of municipal solid waste disposal is an important part of China's environmental policy, which is an important part of China's environmental policy.
On the basis of the above research, the article analyzes the current management policy of municipal solid waste disposal.
The economic leverage, such as price, tax, credit, investment, micro stimulation and macro adjustment, has been put forward.
The management and management of municipal solid waste in China should be socialized, commercialized, marketed and industrialized.
The management of the economic policy system provides the basis for government decision-making.

【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F069.9

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