公共品供给制度改革及对我国的政策建议

发布时间：2018-02-25 00:27

本文关键词： 公共品供给制度市场化改革　出处：《安徽大学》2004年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近二三十年以来的社会经济发展，特别是席卷全球的经济变革中，市场被看作了组织现代社会最有效的手段——西方诸国政府先后调整对市场的管制，我国也转而实行社会主义市场经济。以市场为中心的变革之风几乎吹遍了整个社会，当然也包括公共事业的各个领域——政府服务、基础设施、教育等等。传统理论认为，公共品提供制度应该由政府来安排——即生产和提供的整个过程。我国公共品供给制度的显著特征就是政府调节和公共部门的垄断经营，市场机制及私人部门在公共品供给方面参与程度较低，这样的结果是供给效率的低下和公共福利的损失。为了提高公共品配置效率和解决投资不足的问题，市场介入公共事业是个趋势，许多地方政府已经或正在做这方面的尝试。公共品供给的市场化改革并不是让政府放弃提供公共品的职责，而是相反——利用民间部门的专业化和资金优势，更好更有效率地提供公共品。政府为了实现这一目标。就要选择有效的改革途径，不同的公共品采取不同的制度安排，将政府和民间部门的优势相结合。在这一过程中，为了确保公共品的普遍服务性，并考虑公共品对经济发展的重要作用，当然也是为了保护和扶持参与公共事业的民间企业，政府必须完善公共品提供的监督保障机制，严密科学地设计规制和监管制度——其目的是限制垄断，促进竞争。本文分为五个部分，其结构是按照改革公共品提供制度的相关理论——国外改革评述——我国改革必要性——政策设计——政府定位这样的思路设计的。本文的第一部分阐述了公共品供给制度改革的相关理论。首先是对物品和服务的分类，几乎所有的物品和服务都可以用“共同消费”和是否“排他”进行分类和整理，只是带有“纯粹”属性的物品并不多，很多物品都落在由排他可行性衡量的和由是否共同消费衡量的连续体内。其次是对公共品提供制度改革的理论探讨——政府是否具有提供公共品的效率解，如果可以得出效率解，又有怎样的前提条件。再次，在进一步的理论探讨中，指出区别公共品的提供者利生产音是必要的——这是界定政府角色的基础。第二部分是对西方国家公共品制度改革的评述及分析其对我国改革的启示。西方国家的改革已有20年历史，在实践和理论方面有诸多值得借鉴之处，通过对西方国家改革成因、内容及效果的分析，得出对我国改革的若干启示。第三部分是对我国现行公共品供给制度的分析。分为两个部分，一是针对公共品提供制度的缺陷进行阐述，市场准入壁垒与产权结构单一使得公共品供给缺乏有效竞争，而公共品供给者和生，、”者不分造成供给效率低卜;_几是公共.异，供给的投融资问题，政府财力不足，与“城市化”需要大墩资金形成矛后，民间资本介入可以缓和这一矛盾。第四部分提出了公共附。供给制度改革的途径。这是本文的重点所在。政府利用民间部门的专业化优势，与民营部门形成各种形式的合作关系，改变目前提供公共品效率低下的窘境。这一部分首先提出并阐述了公共沉.的8种制度安排，并指出这些安排的适用 J清况，然后乖点对两种关系国计民生的公共，、}.—基础设施和教育的供给制度改革进行分析，并提出了具有一定可乎」1性的政策建议。第五部分是对政府在公共.W:供给制度改革中的定位进行分析。政府在推进公共品供给制度市场化改革的进程中，为了营造公平有序的竞争氛围，必须制定旨在促进有效竞争、限制垄断的规制制度，并对参与竞争的国有企业和民营企业实施科学严密的监管。本文在写作过程中，，采用理论分析与实证分析相结合的方法，力求对研究问题的论述清晰而深刻。本文力图通过对公共品供给制度改革必要性的阐述，并借鉴国外类似的理论与实践，设计出符合我国市场化进程，并具有一定可行性的政策建议。鉴于原始资料收集的困难和个人水平的有限，论文尚有不足之处，请老师批评指正。关键词:公共品供给制度市场化改午 .二)
[Abstract]:Nearly twenty or thirty years since the development of social economy, especially in the global economic change, the market is regarded as the most effective means of organization in modern society, the Western nations have adjusted the control on the market, China is also switching to the socialist market economy. With the market as the center of the winds of change blowing through almost the whole society. Of course, including public utilities all areas of government services, infrastructure, education and so on. In traditional theory, the public goods supply system should be the whole process by the government to arrange, produce and supply. Significant features of China's public goods supply system is the government regulation and public sector monopoly, the market mechanism and private sector in the supply of public goods in the low level, the result is the supply of low efficiency and public welfare loss. In order to improve the efficiency of public goods allocation And to solve the problem of underinvestment, market involvement in public utilities is a trend, and many local governments have or are trying to do this.
The supply of public goods market reform is not to give up the government to provide public goods duty, but on the contrary, the use of private sector professional and financial advantages, better and more efficient provision of public goods. The government in order to achieve this goal. We must choose an effective way to reform, different public goods take different institutional arrangements. The government and the private sector of the advantages of the combination. In this process, in order to ensure the universal service of public goods, and considering the important role of public goods in economic development, and also for public service industry to participate in the protection and support of private enterprises, the government must improve the supervision mechanism of public goods supply, strict scientific the design of regulation and supervision system, its purpose is to limit the monopoly and promote competition.
This article is divided into five parts. Its structure is designed according to the relevant theories of reforming public goods supply system, namely, foreign reform review -- the necessity of China's reform -- policy design, government positioning.
The first part of this paper introduces the related theories of the reform of public goods supply system. The first is the classification of goods and services, almost all of the goods and services can use the "collective consumption" and "exclusive" to classify and organize, only with "pure" property of the goods are not many, many things are falling the measured by exclusive feasibility and by whether continuous in common consumption measure. The second is to explore the public goods supply system reform theory, whether the government has to provide solutions for the efficiency of public goods, if you can get the efficiency of solution, and the premise of how to further explore. Thirdly, in theory, points out the difference between public product supplier production sound is necessary -- this is the basis of the definition of the role of government.
The second part is the review of the reform in western countries public goods system and analysis of its Revelation of China's reform. The reform of western countries has 20 years of history, in terms of the practice and theory have many advantages, through to the western countries reform causes, content analysis and effect, obtains some enlightenment for the reform of our country.
The third part is the analysis of the current public goods supply system in China, which is divided into two parts. First, the defects of the public goods provision system are expounded. The barriers to entry and the single structure of property rights make the public goods supply lack effective competition.
The supply of public goods and the students, who do not cause the supply efficiency of public _ low Bu; few. Different supply of investment and financing, government
The lack of financial resources, and the "urbanization" need big pier funds to form a spear, private capital intervention can ease this contradiction.
The fourth part puts forward the way of the public attachment and the reform of the supply system. This is the focus of this article. The government uses the civil society.
The professional advantages of the Department, the formation of various forms of cooperation with the private sector, and the low efficiency of providing public goods at present
This part first puts forward and expounds the 8 institutional arrangements of public subsidence, and points out the application of these arrangements.
J state, then the public good, two kinds of relationship. - were beneficial to the people's livelihood, infrastructure and education supply system reform
An analysis is made and a policy proposal with a certain "1 nature" is proposed.
The fifth part is the analysis of the government's positioning in the reform of the public.W: supply system. The government is promoting public goods supply.
In order to create a fair and orderly competition atmosphere in the process of system market reform, it is necessary to develop an effective competition to promote effective competition.
To restrict the regulation system of monopoly and to carry out scientific and strict supervision on the state-owned enterprises and private enterprises participating in the competition.
In the process of writing, this paper adopts the method of combining theoretical analysis and empirical analysis, and strives to study the problem.
The article is clear and profound. This article tries to explain the necessity of the reform of the system of public goods supply, and draw lessons from the similar foreign countries.
The theory and practice are designed to meet the market process in China and have some feasible policy proposals.
The difficulties in the collection of materials and the limited personal level are limited. There are still shortcomings in the paper, and the teachers are asked to criticize them.
Key words: the market transformation of the supply system of public goods
Two).

【学位授予单位】：安徽大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2004
【分类号】：F062.6

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